Trends in Immunology

Trends Immunol. 2024 Nov 22:S1471-4906(24)00273-4. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.11.002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Innate immune cells that are epigenetically reprogrammed by infection can modify host responses to subsequent infections. Lercher et al. have identified epigenetic reprogramming of murine airway-resident macrophages following recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection, conferring protection from pathology and lethality following secondary influenza A virus … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2024 Nov 21:S1471-4906(24)00277-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.11.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Following on from the discovery that innate immune pathways are shared widely across the tree of life comes another surprise: Hobbs et al. show that viruses targeting animals and bacteria also use highly conserved tools to fight back. Why such mechanisms remain seemingly … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2024 Nov 21:S1471-4906(24)00252-7. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.10.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Combinations of the highly polymorphic KIR and HLA-I genes are associated with numerous human diseases. Interpreting these associations requires a molecular understanding of the multiple killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)-human leukocyte antigen-1 (HLA-I) receptor-ligand interactions on natural killer (NK) cells and identifying the salient … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2024 Nov 21:S1471-4906(24)00279-5. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.11.008. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT A recent study by Ascic et al. demonstrates that in situ reprogramming of tumor cells into conventional dendritic cell (cDC)-like cells using viral-PIB transcription factors creates an immunogenic tumor microenvironment with T cell recruitment and activation. The study highlights the potential of tumor-specific … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2024 Nov 20:S1471-4906(24)00276-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.11.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells not only control infection and cancer, but also contribute to inflammatory disease. In a recent study, Obers et al. demonstrate that retinoic acid (RA) and TGF-β direct TRM residency in mice, with RA uniquely retaining cells in the … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2024 Nov 20:S1471-4906(24)00272-2. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.11.001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The success of T cell-based immunotherapies is limited by exhaustion, which is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Baldwin and colleagues show that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) use nanotubes to transfer mitochondria to T cells, which increases mitochondria mass and fitness and boosts antitumor … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2024 Nov 19:S1471-4906(24)00253-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.10.007. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Solute carrier proteins (SLCs) are pivotal for maintaining cellular homeostasis by transporting small molecules across cellular membranes. Recent discoveries have uncovered their involvement in modulating innate immunity, particularly within the cytosol. We review emerging evidence that links SLC transporters to cytosolic innate immune … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2024 Nov 18:S1471-4906(24)00250-3. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.10.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Men are at higher risk for developing severe COVID-19 than women, while women are at higher risk for developing post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). This highlights the impact of sex differences on immune responses and clinical outcomes of acute COVID-19 or PASC. A … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2024 Nov 15:S1471-4906(24)00254-0. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.10.008. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) enables hosts to react to pathogens by monitoring few key cellular processes. ETI responses are assumed to be similar toward related pathogen effectors. However, recent evidence from the invertebrate model Caenorhabditis elegans and pore-forming toxins indicates a much more complex … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2024 Nov 15:S1471-4906(24)00251-5. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.10.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT While primarily a sensory organ, the mammalian olfactory epithelium (OE) also plays a critical role as an immune barrier. Mechanisms governing interactions between the immune system and this specialized chemosensory tissue are gaining interest, in part sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Regulated inflammation … Read more