Influenza neuraminidase (NA) is underappreciated as a vaccine target owing to its incomplete epitope landscape. Lederhofer et al. isolated human monoclonal antibodies to NA underside (i.e., dark side) epitopes with broad cross-reactivity across N2 subt…
Innate immune cells tailor responses to specific stimuli via the selective activation of hundreds of genes. Feng et al. examine inducible nucleosome remodeling in response to TLR4 stimulation and reveal a unique requirement for NF-κB. Collaboration bet…
How cells induce the production of antiviral molecules while shutting down protein translation to limit viral replication remains unclear. Here, Harioudh et al. show a non-canonical function for the interferon-induced antiviral protein, OAS1, which seq…
Our understanding of how metabolites in the tumor microenvironment impact tumor-intrinsic immune responses remains incomplete. Here, Ding et al. reveal that lactate triggers RNA-splicing-mediated CTLA-4 expression in tumor-infiltrating Treg cells, whic…
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccine-induced immunity is thought to wane quickly based on short-term studies. Using longitudinal data, Srivastava et al. find that participants with hybrid immunity show faster, higher antibody responses after initial vaccinati…
While Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) plays important roles in the CNS, its role in microglia is unclear. Huang et al. find that NKAα1 inhibits microglia activation by forming a complex with P2X7R. Stress decreases membrane expression of NKAα1, facilitating P2X7R-…
Neutrophils are heterogeneous, but the mechanisms underlying their ability to polarize remain unclear. In this issue of Immunity, Gour et al. demonstrate that the GPCR Mrgpra1 and the neuropeptide NPFF, molecules involved in pain and itch, direct neutr…
Tight regulation of immune responses is critical. In this review, Sharpe and colleagues review inhibitory members of the B7-CD28 family and their roles in regulating immune responses with an emphasis on CTLA-4, PD-1, and the increasingly complex networ…
Different antibodies can bind to the same targets on the surface of immune cells with opposite biologic effects. These effects—agonism, antagonism, or partial agonism—are so poorly understood that drug developers must screen antibodies for relevant des…
How commensals influence intestinal immunity is incompletely understood. In this issue of Immunity, Eshleman et al. demonstrate that microbiota-derived butyrate restrains tuft cell development via HDAC3 modulation in intestinal epithelial cells, showin…
