Pre−treatment cytokines plus TPSA predict biochemical progression−free survival in prostate cancer metastasis and discriminate metastatic status: a retrospective study
IntroductionProstate cancer (PCa) ranks as the second most common malignancy in men worldwide. While serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is routinely monitored, its low specificity frequently leads to overdiagnosis. Cytokines within the tumor microen…