Therapeutic implications of cancer-associated fibroblast heterogeneity: insights from single-cell and multi-omics analysis

BackgroundCancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are essential components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), contributing to tumorigenesis, progression, and resistance to therapy. However, the functional diversity of CAF subpopulations and their role i…

Sphingosine-1-phosphate stimulates colorectal cancer tumor microenvironment angiogenesis and induces macrophage polarization via macrophage migration inhibitory factor

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy with extensive reprogramming of sphingolipid metabolism. However, the role and mechanisms of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a key bioactive molecule in sphingolipid metabo…

A novel and safe SmartCap® SC101 to develop the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine STP2104 inducing potent immune responses in humans

We have developed a 5′-capping library screening (CLS) method using over 30 different novel cap analogues. The optimal 5′-cap for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine STP2104 was selected and applied. This is the first report to describ…

Machine learning-driven prediction of immune checkpoint inhibitor responses against cholangiocarcinoma: a bile biopsy perspective

BackgroundThe treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) continues to face numerous clinical challenges, including the prediction of sensitivity to immunotherapy and the development of preoperative diagnostic models.MethodsIn this study, we aimed to address…

Transcriptomic and proteomic signatures of host NK cells delineate distinct immune states across tuberculosis infection statuses

IntroductionAlthough natural killer (NK) cells play crucial roles in the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection, systematic investigations delineating the immune characteristics of NK cells across the tuberculosis (TB) disease s…

The role of innate immune responses against two strains of PEDV (S INDEL and non-S INDEL) in newborn and weaned piglets inoculated by combined orogastric and intranasal routes

IntroductionPorcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a severe gastrointestinal disease in swine caused by PED virus (PEDV), leading to significant economic losses worldwide. Newborn piglets are especially vulnerable, with nearly 100% mortality, unlike older …

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