The malignant dialogue between cancer-associated fibroblasts and osteosarcoma cells: microenvironment-mediated drug resistance and therapeutic targets
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are pivotal in shaping the immunosuppressive and chemoresistant tumor microenvironment (TME) of osteosarcoma (OS). This review explores how CAFs drive OS progression through paracrine signaling (e.g., TGF-β, IL-6), …