Membranous nephropathy (MN) arises from autoantibody-mediated attack on podocyte antigens, with immune deposits forming subepithelially at the glomerular basement membrane to trigger complement activation and subsequent podocyte damage, eventually mani…
Pediatric ulcerative colitis (PUC) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease that exhibits different clinical characteristics and pathogenesis from those in adults. PUC is more severe and has a wider lesion range. The main manifestations inclu…
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor of children and adolescents. Multiagent neoadjuvant chemotherapy once improved survival substantially, but outcomes have since plateaued. Delivering immunotherapy before surgery is attractive…
Breast cancer management still depends on early detection, risk assessment, and individualized treatment. Imaging is used throughout screening, diagnosis, treatment evaluation, and follow-up. For this reason, artificial intelligence (AI) has become an …
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a leading cause of disability, yet radiographic degeneration correlates poorly with symptoms. This mini-review examines how immune-neural crosstalk may link intervertebral disc degeneration to pain initiation and persist…
Despite intensive lipid-lowering therapy, substantial residual cardiovascular risk persists, and antigen-specific adaptive immunity may contribute to the inflammatory burden that remains after lipid levels are controlled. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-contai…
Osteosarcoma(OS) exhibits poor and heterogeneous responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs), largely due to its highly tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment(TIME). This review explores how nutritional biomarkers regulate the OS tumor microenvir…
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the treatment of TNBC, leading to durable responses and improved survival. With the adoption of immunotherapy into high-risk early-stage and selected metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)…
Immune checkpoint blockade has changed the therapeutic landscape of cervical cancer, but clinical benefit remains heterogeneous and difficult to predict with single biomarkers. Cervical cancer is a particularly suitable setting for immune-cell profilin…
Mitophagy serves as a pivotal metabolic-immune hub that drives immune evasion in major skin cancer subtypes including melanoma cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. It acts as a core barrier to effective immunotherapy. Mitophagy a…
