Regulation of vascular remodeling by immune microenvironment after the establishment of autologous arteriovenous fistula in ESRD patients
Autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred dialysis access for receiving hemodialysis treatment in end-stage renal disease patients. After AVF is established, vascular remodeling occurs in order to adapt to hemodynamic changes. Uremia toxi…