BackgroundTuberculosis-diabetes mellitus (TB-DM) comorbidity presents significant clinical challenges due to poor treatment outcomes. This study investigated peripheral blood lymphocyte profiles and cytokine dynamics in TB-DM patients compared to healt…

BackgroundThe synergistic epidemic of diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis (DM-TB) has created a dual disease burden, challenging global health systems with complex pathophysiological interactions and suboptimal treatment outcomes. To decode the evolving…