Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoinflammatory disease of unknown origin, involving characterized by immune cell infiltration into the target tissue, central nervous system (CNS), resulting in local and/or systemic inflammation. The symptoms var…
Colon cancer (CC) remains a primary contributor to cancer-related fatalities worldwide, driven by difficulties in early diagnosis and constrained therapeutic options. Recent studies underscore the importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME), notably…
Subcutaneous (SCIG) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) replacement are both used to prevent infections in patients with secondary immunodeficiency (SID). Compared with IVIG, SCIG has fewer systemic side effects and, additionally, facilitates home-ba…
Immunometabolism, the study of how metabolic processes influence immune cell function, has emerged as a critical field in understanding the regulation of immune tolerance and the pathological mechanisms underlying autoimmune diseases. Intracellular met…
Osteosarcoma remains a highly aggressive bone malignancy with limited therapeutic options, necessitating novel treatment strategies. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach, yet its efficacy in osteosarcoma is hindered by an immunosuppressive…
Respiratory infectious diseases, particularly those caused by respiratory viruses, have the potential to lead to global pandemics, thereby posing significant threats to public and human health. Historically, the primary treatment for respiratory bacter…
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon and highly aggressive cancer originating in the adrenal cortex, characterized by a high likelihood of recurrence and unfavorable survival rates, particularly in the advanced disease stages. This review disc…
Poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a post-translational modification in which ADP-ribose is added to substrate proteins. PARylation is mediated by a superfamily of ADP-ribosyl transferases known as PARPs and influences a wide range of cellular funct…
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant global health concern due to its poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options, particularly in advanced stages. Tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), plays a key role…
Sepsis is often accompanied by liver injury and is associated with an increase in the number of circulating and hepatic neutrophils. In sepsis-associated liver injury, neutrophils exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity and perform both pro- and anti-inflamma…
