Gouty arthritis (GA) is a sterile inflammatory disease driven by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition, which activates innate and adaptive immune responses. Key mechanisms involve NLRP3 inflammasome activation, cytokine release (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6…
Granzyme K (GzmK) is an immune-secreted serine protease typically expressed at low levels but elevated in response to tissue injury and disease. Known as an orphan granzyme due to limited scientific investigation, this tryptase is being redefined as ha…
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by synovitis and joint destruction, remains a global health challenge. Activated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), which play a crucial role in the progression of RA, demonstrat…
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by immune dysregulation and vascular inflammation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play pivotal roles in intercellular communication, modulating immune responses and inflammatory cascades durin…
Prostate cancer (PCa) is still as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in men at the global level, highlighting the necessity for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies beyond current PSA screening limitations. This mini-review focuses on t…
In contrast to hereditary angioedema (HAE) due to C1-inhibitor deficiency, the detection of pathogenic variants in genes linked to HAE with normal C1 inhibitor levels (HAE-nC1INH) is required for the diagnosis of the corresponding types of the disease….
Neoantigens, derived from tumor-specific mutations, are promising targets of cancer immunotherapy by eliciting tumor-specific T-cell responses while sparing normal cells. Accurate neoantigen prediction relies on immunogenomics and immunopeptidomics. Im…
Gasdermin E (GSDME), a key executor of pyroptosis, exerts a unique dual role in tumorigenesis, acting as both a tumor suppressor and a tumor-promoting factor. Due to promoter hypermethylation, GSDME is epigenetically silenced in most solid tumors, incl…
Liver cancer is a major global health burden, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most common type. Liver cancer tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are responsible for recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance, thereby presenting formidab…
T cell development and function depend on precise remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, which regulates migration, cell division, immunological synapse formation, and signal transduction. Regulators of actin include nucleators (Arp2/3, Formins) and bin…
