Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, necessitating innovative treatments. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are primary immunosuppressive effectors that foster tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resi…
Periodontitis is a significant global public health issue associated with the onset and progression of various systemic diseases, thereby requiring additional research and clinical attention. Although ferroptosis and cuproptosis have emerged as signifi…
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are a specialized subset of memory T cells that permanently reside in non-lymphoid tissues, providing localized and long-lasting immune protection. In the urinary tract, TRM cells play critical roles in defending ag…
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health crisis affecting millions, with islet transplantation emerging as a promising treatment strategy to restore insulin production. This review synthesizes the current research on single-cell and spatial transcript…
Since the emergence of COVID-19 in December 2019, the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has primarily affected adults, with children representing a smaller proportion of cases. However, the escalation of the pandemic has led to a notable increase in pediatric cas…
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a widespread metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia, arising from insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. This review investigates the critical role of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), a transmembrane protein essential for …
Adjuvants are crucial in vaccines and cancer therapies, enhancing therapeutic efficacy through diverse mechanisms. In vaccines, adjuvants are traditionally valued for amplifying immune responses, ensuring robust and long-lasting protection against path…
Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are caused by type I IFNs secreted by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Our understanding of the immune consequences before and after pDC activation in SLE is expanding, whe…
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune, inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). MS is associated with a complex interplay between neurodegenerative and inflammatory processes, mostly attributed to…
Biliary tract malignancies, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder cancer, represent a group of aggressive cancers with poor prognosis due to late-stage diagnosis, limited treatment options, and resi…
