B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy, accounting for 20-25% of all new cancer diagnoses in North American children each year. The leukemia arises, most commonly after a latency of 3–5 years, from a preleuk…
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a powerful strategy for clinical treatment of malignant cancers. Despite the advances, cancer immunotherapy has met several challenges such as the limited efficacy to small subsets of patients, and serious autoimmune…
Platinum-based first-line chemotherapy for small lung cancers has been a mainstream therapy for the past several decades. However, its efficacy has been suboptimal, and the research is now focused on improving the treatment and prognosis of competitive…
Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC), impacting 30–90% of survivors, is characterized by persistent fatigue and metabolic dysfunction, often linked to underlying mitochondrial impairment. This review examines current evidence on mitochondrial-targeted nutriti…
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by progressive scarring, alveolar destruction, and limited therapeutic options. Although the exact etiology of IPF remains unclear, emerging evidence suggests that f…
Macrophages are essential components of all body tissues, including the synovium. Tissue macrophages originate either from embryonically seeded “primitive” macrophages or from bone marrow-derived monocytes. In adults, both sources contribute to macroph…
Over the past decade, inflammasome and cGAS-STING have received significant attention as immune components that coordinate host immune homeostasis. Although the inflammasome and cGAS-STING are relatively independent immune signaling pathways, some stud…
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by joint inflammation and damage, leading to disability and pain. The etiology of RA is undefined but considered multifactorial, as interactions between genetics and e…
Sepsis is a life-threatening systemic inflammatory syndrome characterized by a complex immune biphasic imbalance. Monitoring of immune status has not yet been implemented in clinical practice due to lack of direct therapeutic utility. Immune dysregulat…
Bile acids (BAs) are critical mediators of metabolic and immune regulation, influencing both liver and intestinal function. Their homeostasis, maintained through the enterohepatic circulation, is pivotal for immune-metabolic balance. BAs activate key r…
