Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects large and medium-sized arteries and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. This article reviews the multifaceted role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in AS, including …
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, offering hope for patients with otherwise treatment-resistant tumors. Among the most promising approaches are cellular therapies, particularly chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, which ha…
The role of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in the regulation of immune responses to transplanted lungs remains an area of interest and controversy. Early studies in a rat pulmonary transplant model suggested BALT may accelerate rejection of…
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatching, particularly with HLA-DQ, significantly impacts the development of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) and transplant outcomes. HLA-DQ antibodies are highly immunogenic and detrimental, necessitating advanced high…
Migraine is a complex neurovascular disorder whose pathogenesis involves activation of the trigeminal vascular system, central and peripheral sensitization, and neuroinflammation. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a dominant role and activat…
This review evaluates in-vitro models for studying how maternal influences during pregnancy impact the development of offspring microglia, the immune cells of the central nervous system. The models examined include primary microglia cultures, microglia…
Spaceflight imposes a constellation of physiological challenges—cosmic radiation, microgravity, disrupted circadian rhythms, and psychosocial stress—that critically compromise astronaut health. Among the most vulnerable organs is the thymus, a cornerst…
Pediatric osteosarcoma, the most prevalent primary malignant bone tumor in children, is marked by aggressive progression and a generally poor prognosis. Despite advances in treatment, including multi-agent chemotherapy, survival rates remain suboptimal…
Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary system and has always presented great challenges in treatment due to its intricate biological features and high recurrence rates. Although great developments were achieved in immunoth…
Immune cells adapt their metabolism in response to their differentiation and activation status to meet the energy demands for an appropriate immune response. Recent studies have elucidated that during immune cell metabolic reprogramming, lipid metaboli…
