Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon and highly aggressive cancer originating in the adrenal cortex, characterized by a high likelihood of recurrence and unfavorable survival rates, particularly in the advanced disease stages. This review disc…
Poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a post-translational modification in which ADP-ribose is added to substrate proteins. PARylation is mediated by a superfamily of ADP-ribosyl transferases known as PARPs and influences a wide range of cellular funct…
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant global health concern due to its poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options, particularly in advanced stages. Tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), plays a key role…
Sepsis is often accompanied by liver injury and is associated with an increase in the number of circulating and hepatic neutrophils. In sepsis-associated liver injury, neutrophils exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity and perform both pro- and anti-inflamma…
Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, necessitating innovative treatments. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are primary immunosuppressive effectors that foster tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resi…
Periodontitis is a significant global public health issue associated with the onset and progression of various systemic diseases, thereby requiring additional research and clinical attention. Although ferroptosis and cuproptosis have emerged as signifi…
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are a specialized subset of memory T cells that permanently reside in non-lymphoid tissues, providing localized and long-lasting immune protection. In the urinary tract, TRM cells play critical roles in defending ag…
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health crisis affecting millions, with islet transplantation emerging as a promising treatment strategy to restore insulin production. This review synthesizes the current research on single-cell and spatial transcript…
Since the emergence of COVID-19 in December 2019, the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has primarily affected adults, with children representing a smaller proportion of cases. However, the escalation of the pandemic has led to a notable increase in pediatric cas…
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a widespread metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia, arising from insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. This review investigates the critical role of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), a transmembrane protein essential for …
