Preclinical evaluation of two phylogenetically distant arenavirus vectors for the development of novel immunotherapeutic combination strategies for cancer treatment

Background
Engineered arenavirus vectors have recently been developed to leverage the body’s immune system in the fight against chronic viral infections and cancer. Vectors based on Pichinde virus (artPICV) and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus…

Combinational therapy of CAR T-cell and HDT/ASCT demonstrates impressive clinical efficacy and improved CAR T-cell behavior in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma

Background
Approximately two-thirds of patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma (R/R LBCL) do not respond to or relapse after anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T)-cell therapy, leading to poor outcomes. Previous studies have…

Efficacy of LCMV-based cancer immunotherapies is unleashed by intratumoral injections of polyI:C

Background
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) belongs to the Arenavirus family known for inducing strong cytotoxic T-cell responses in both mice and humans. LCMV has been engineered for the development of cancer immunotherapies, currently under…

Phase 1 study combining elotuzumab with autologous stem cell transplant and lenalidomide for multiple myeloma

Background
Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) after induction therapy improves disease-free survival for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). While the goal of ASCT is to render a minimal disease state, it is also associated with eradication …

Treatment-free survival outcomes from the phase II study of nivolumab and salvage nivolumab/ipilimumab in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (HCRN GU16-260-Cohort A)

Background
As part of a partitioned survival analysis, treatment-free survival (TFS) can characterize the overall survival time patients spend between the cessation of immunotherapy and the start of subsequent therapy; both with and without toxicity. …

Respiratory complex I regulates dendritic cell maturation in explant model of human tumor immune microenvironment

Background
Combining cytotoxic chemotherapy or novel anticancer drugs with T-cell modulators holds great promise in treating advanced cancers. However, the response varies depending on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Therefore, there is a cl…

Autologous human preclinical modeling of melanoma interpatient clinical responses to immunotherapeutics

Background
Despite recent advances in immunotherapy, a substantial population of late-stage melanoma patients still fail to achieve sustained clinical benefit. Lack of translational preclinical models continues to be a major challenge in the field of …

Longitudinal analysis of PD-L1 expression in patients with relapsed NSCLC

Background
The use and approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) depends on PD-L1 expression in the tumor tissue. Nevertheless, PD-L1 often fails to predict response to treatment. One possible exp…

Therapeutic inhibition of monocyte recruitment prevents checkpoint inhibitor-induced hepatitis

Background
Checkpoint inhibitor-induced hepatitis (CPI-hepatitis) is an emerging problem with the widening use of CPIs in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we developed a mouse model to characterize the mechanism of CPI-hepatitis and to therapeutically targ…

Poor clinical outcomes and immunoevasive contexture in CD161+CD8+ T cells barren human pancreatic cancer

Background
The role of CD161 expression on CD8+ T cells in tumor immunology has been explored in a few studies, and the clinical significance of CD161+CD8+ T cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. This study seeks to clarify…

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