Background
Whereas chimeric antigen receptor gene modified T (CAR-T) cell therapy has been clinically applied to malignant lymphomas and multiple myeloma, CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors has so far not reached clinical application. Epithelial V-li…

Background
CD19-directed cancer immunotherapies, based on engineered T cells bearing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs, CAR-T cells) or the systemic administration of bispecific T cell-engaging (TCE) antibodies, have shown impressive clinical responses…

Background
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and CD8+ T cells are key in the immune response against multiple myeloma (MM), a largely incurable blood cancer. Immunization is a promising strategy to activate these T cell populations. To our knowl…

Background
Major histocompatibility complex class I-related protein A and B (MICA/B) are ligands for the natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) receptor and are broadly expressed on tumor cells but minimally on normal tissues. When cytotoxic NKG2D-ex…

Background
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T)-based immunotherapies have reshaped the therapeutic landscape of cancer treatment, in particular for patients afflicted with leukemia. However, defects in CAR behaviors and clinical complications hav…

Background
T cells modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) are successful against B-lineage malignancies but fail to induce durable remissions in up to half of patients and have shown limited efficacy against other types of cancer. Strat…

Background
Allogeneic double-negative T-cell (DNT) therapy has emerged as a novel, off-the-shelf cellular treatment with clinical feasibility, safety, and promising efficacy against leukemia. However, the biology of DNTs is less well characterized, an…

Background
Allogeneic bone marrow transplant (alloBMT) is curative for hematologic malignancies through the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect but has been ineffective for solid tumors like osteosarcoma (OS). OS expresses CD155 which interacts strongly w…

Background
Adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is now a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment for melanoma. While this is a major milestone, there is room for improvement to increase clinical response rates and to…

Background
T-cell costimulation is crucial for an effective and sustained antitumor immune response, and inadequate expression of costimulatory ligands within tumors can impair T-cell function. Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) targeting a tumor-associate…