Establishment of rapid saturation mutagenesis and screening methods for improving the neutralizing activity of monoclonal antibodies

BackgroundMonoclonal antibodies have been widely used in the fight against infectious diseases and are recommended for postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) of the rabies virus because of their advantages of easy supply, low cost, and high efficacy. To maximi…

Gallic acid alleviates visceral hyperalgesia following maternal separation in mice by inhibiting EphrinB2/EphB2 signaling mediated activation of neurons and glial cells

BackgroundEarly life stress (ELS) causes functional gastrointestinal issues linked to visceral hyperalgesia. Activation of spinal neurons and glial cells is key to the development and persistence of visceral hyperalgesia. Our previous research has show…

Inhibition of CRM1 reverses hypoxia-driven chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia via overcoming HIF-1α-mediated lysosomal sequestration

IntroductionIn relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R-AML), hypoxia-driven chemoresistance is orchestrated by HIF-1α-induced P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression and subsequent lysosomal sequestration of anthracyclines. Nuclear-cytoplasmic shu…

IFN-γ induced the formation of foamy macrophages via CD40 signal to control Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary infection

BackgroundFoamy macrophages (FMs) have recently shown potential in restricting the intracellular growth of Mycobacterium. However, the mechanism behind the formation of FMs and their significance in the pathophysiology of Mycobacterium abscessus (M. ab…

Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix extract in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease based on zebrafish models

BackgroundSophorae Flavescentis Radix (Kushen) has been employed in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for over 2,000 years, primarily for its effects in clearing heat and drying dampness, eliminating parasites, and promoting diuresis. Preliminary find…

Mepolizumab treatment alters the functional phenotype of eosinophils in severe eosinophilic asthma

BackgroundBlood eosinophil count is usually employed as a predictive and response biomarker for mepolizumab treatment. However, its decrease is not always associated with an improvement in asthma symptoms. The aim of this work is to study the effect of…

Functional and phenotypic analysis of CD4 T cell dynamics in peripheral blood of human visceral leishmaniasis patients confers increased frequencies of CD25 expressing regulatory T cells that contribute to disease pathogenesis

IntroductionRegulatory T cells (Tregs) have been reported to control immune responses in microbial infections. However, their possible role in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has not been well defined. To address this, we carried out extensive studies to i…

Pre−treatment cytokines plus TPSA predict biochemical progression−free survival in prostate cancer metastasis and discriminate metastatic status: a retrospective study

IntroductionProstate cancer (PCa) ranks as the second most common malignancy in men worldwide. While serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is routinely monitored, its low specificity frequently leads to overdiagnosis. Cytokines within the tumor microen…

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