Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Dec 11;98:102708. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102708. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) has been recognized as an important communication network between the gut and the brain. This network operates through immune, neural, and endocrine pathways, wherein microbiota-derived metabolites act as essential messengers regulating MGBA. Among gut metabolites, indole and its … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Dec 11;98:102707. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102707. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Sjögren’s disease (SjD) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by a striking tropism for epithelial tissues, particularly the salivary and lacrimal glands. Lack of function of the salivary glands (SGs) leads to a panoply of symptoms, dramatically reducing patient quality of life. … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Dec 9;98:102706. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102706. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Tryptophan (TRP) metabolism has long been associated with cancer immunity, primarily through the kynurenine pathway mediated by indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2). Both enzymes can deplete TRP within cells and in local microenvironments, triggering dysfunction of T cells with anti-tumor functions. … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Dec 8;98:102704. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102704. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Clinically overt granulomatous involvement of the nervous system, or neurosarcoidosis, occurs in up to 5% of patients with sarcoidosis. Diagnosing neurosarcoidosis is often challenging due to its highly heterogeneous and frequently nonspecific clinical presentations, as well as the difficulty in obtaining tissue … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Dec 4;98:102703. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102703. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Sjögren’s disease (SjD) is a systemic autoimmune disorder marked by chronic immune activation, with a central role attributed to the interferon (IFN) system. The so-called ‘IFN signature’ at both tissue and peripheral levels has long been recognized as a hallmark of SjD, … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Dec 2;98:102702. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102702. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) cells are a recently defined subtype of nonrecirculating memory T cells with longevity and protective functions in peripheral tissues. The discovery of T cells resident in diverse tissues has altered our understanding of adaptive immunity with … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Nov 20;98:102691. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102691. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Primary central nervous system vasculitis, also known as primary angiitis of CNS (PACNS), is a rare and heterogeneous inflammatory disorder of blood vessels restricted to the central nervous system. The most common presenting symptoms are headache, focal neurological deficits, and altered cognition. … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Nov 11;98:102692. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102692. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Recent advancements in microbiome research have revealed the restorative capacities of postbiotics, including indole and its derivatives generated via bacterial tryptophan metabolism. Widespread in prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities, indole and its derivatives are uniquely suited to promote host physiology and homeostasis at … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Nov 10;98:102690. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102690. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Sjögren’s disease (SjD) is the second most common systemic autoimmune disease in the United States. SjD patients are predominantly women 30-50 years of age and exhibit heterogeneous clinical manifestations, including symptoms of extensive dryness, chronic fatigue, and joint pain, and various major … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Nov 10;98:102684. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102684. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Autoimmune diseases have, until recently, been treated with relatively broad immunosuppressive regimens. Newer, more focused monoclonal antibody therapies directed to specific targets, for example, anti-TNF or anti-B cell therapies, can produce significant immunosuppression. ‘Remission’ of autoimmune disease that requires ongoing immunosuppression is … Read more