Most bNAbs from chronically HCV-infected people use the VH1-69 gene segment and target the envelope glycoprotein E2 front layer. Ogega et al. isolate bNAbs from an elite neutralizer who spontaneously cleared HCV. These bNAbs use a variety of VH genes a…
Epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces provide a structural barrier and an immune defense system, but dysregulated epithelial responses can contribute to disease. Kim et al. reveal that epithelial-derived IL-23 is a pathogenic trigger in the oral mucosal…
B cells undergo rounds of selection and affinity maturation within germinal centers (GCs) to differentiate into long-lasting, protective memory cells. Shehata et al. study the role of IL-4 in the GC and determine that its regulation of the transcriptio…
It is unknown if antigenically distant SARS-CoV-2 variants can overcome memory B cell biases established by initial SARS-CoV-2 encounters. Johnston, Painter, Li et al. show that BA.5 and XBB exposures recall B cells targeting conserved epitopes in the …
Immune imprinting occurs after repeated Wuhan-Hu-1 spike exposures, but it is unclear whether it can be overcome. Tortorici et al. show that the updated XBB.1.5 mRNA COVID-19 booster elicits neutralizing antibodies and memory B cells against variants t…
Our understanding of the impact of microbial metabolites on anti-tumor immunity is incomplete. Cong et al. show aberrant elevation of the microbiota-derived secondary bile acid, deoxycholic acid, in colorectal cancer patients. Deoxycholic acid suppress…
EBV glycoprotein gp42 is essential for B cell entry, and identifying sites of vulnerability is important for rational vaccine design. Bu et al. isolated two gp42 mAbs that neutralize EBV infection and block fusion with B cells by distinct mechanisms, d…
Our knowledge concerning the contributions of IL-2 in T cell biology, particularly its role in the development and functional activity of regulatory, effector, and memory T cells and reinvigorating exhausted T cells, continues to advance. These cells d…
Programmed necrosis is mediated by the membrane-damaging pyroptotic and necroptotic proteins, gasdermins and MLKL, respectively. Recent genetic studies highlight the diverse roles of these necrotic cell death effectors in infections, cancer, and wide-s…
Complement proteins form a proteolytic cascade to clear invading microbes. In a recent issue of Cell, Wu et al. and Xu et al. demonstrate two distinct complement systems operating in the gut, independent of circulating complement, and protecting agains…
