Mucosal Immunology

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 11:S1933-0219(26)00042-5. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT 1.6 billion people are currently infected with parasitic worms. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) play a central role in promoting the protective type 2 immunity against these parasites. Here we show that a subpopulation of intestinal ILC2 express the immune checkpoint molecule … Read more

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 9:S1933-0219(26)00040-1. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are distinct lineages defined by lineage-specifying transcription factors that drive their differentiation and effector programs. Despite being stable lineages, ILC plasticity has been reported. Plasticity is characterized by downregulation of the transcription factor that specifies the current ILC lineage, … Read more

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 9:S1933-0219(26)00041-3. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Epithelial barriers constitute the first line of immune defense, preventing pathogen adherence, growth and entry through physical and chemical mechanisms. Essential to chemical defense are reactive oxygen species, usually provided by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. DUOX2, a related oxidase, functions as sensor of … Read more

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 8:S1933-0219(26)00039-5. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The leukocyte NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) is an important regulator of inflammatory responses, independent of its antimicrobial activity. Inactivating mutations in NOX2 cause chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a severe immunodeficiency associated with recurrent infections and dysregulated neutrophilic inflammation. Recurrent oral ulcers, stomatitis, gingivitis, … Read more

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 6:S1933-0219(26)00038-3. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The specific contributions of lung epithelial and immune cells to SARS-CoV-2-induced immunopathology and antiviral responses remain unclear. To address this, we generated mouse models with inducible expression of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) in specific lung cell types. Infection of mice expressing hACE2 … Read more

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Mar 30:S1933-0219(26)00036-X. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.03.012. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Aberrant inflammation and structural lung damage occurs early in life for people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Even in the era of CFTR modulators, anti-inflammatory therapy may still be needed to prevent establishment and lifelong consequences of bronchiectasis. In this study, we integrated transcriptome-wide … Read more

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Mar 28:S1933-0219(26)00037-1. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.03.013. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Eosinophils are key contributors to allergic pathology, however, increasingly eosinophils are described to have important roles in organ health and immunoregulation. The factors that define and regulate these diverse eosinophil functions remain poorly understood. Here we show the emergence of a lung-specific Siglec-Fhi … Read more

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Mar 26:S1933-0219(26)00035-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.03.011. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Biological sex differences in morbidity upon influenza A virus (IAV) infection are linked to stronger IFN-centered immune responses in females, yet the regulatory role of sex steroid receptors in immune cell subsets is incompletely understood. Lung-resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) express … Read more

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Mar 21:S1933-0219(26)00034-6. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.03.010. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Macrophages play important roles in lung homeostasis and disease by interacting with their surrounding tissue microenvironment. Accordingly, macrophage metabolism and local metabolites shape immune responses in the lung. Here, I review the metabolic regulation of lung macrophages and regulation of lung immunity by … Read more

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Mar 21:S1933-0219(26)00032-2. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.03.008. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection directly damages lung tissue and triggers dysregulated immune responses, yet the immunopathology underlying the severe pneumonia remains unknown. Here we analyzed cellular and molecular features in the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients to define the systemic … Read more