Mucosal Immunology

Mucosal BCG vaccination reprograms lung interstitial macrophages and enhances antimicrobial defense in mice. Aaron James Forde

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Jul 26:100391. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100391. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) but provides inconsistent protection against disease. Alveolar macrophages (AM) are widely considered the primary myeloid mediators of BCG-induced lung immunity, whereas the contribution of lung interstitial macrophages (IM) remains poorly defined. Here, … Read more

Beyond antibodies: Emerging roles of B cells in gastrointestinal inflammation and disease. Marina Costa Fujishima

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Jul 25:100390. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100390. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT B cells play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis at mucosal surfaces, including those of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Perturbed humoral immunity and antibody-mediated functions of B cells are well described in patients with chronic GI inflammatory diseases. However, our understanding of … Read more

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals intrinsic and microbiota-associated sex differences in murine lung. Alexandra Melton

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Jul 23:100389. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100389. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Sex-based differences in respiratory disease outcomes are well recognized. However, the underlying immunological mechanisms driving this dimorphism remain incompletely understood. While sex hormones influence immune cell development and function, the role of commensal microbes in shaping sex-specific lung immunity has not been explored. … Read more

Gammaherpesvirus infection impairs lung fibrosis resolution through PD-L1+ fibroblasts and PD-1+ CD8+ T cell interaction. Laura Kempen

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Jul 22:100388. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100388. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Pulmonary fibrosis is a complex disease with poorly understood, multifactorial triggers. Gammaherpesviruses (γHVs), including Epstein-Barr virus in humans and Murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV-4) in mice, have been linked to pulmonary fibrosis exacerbation, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores how γHV … Read more

Dysregulated MUC5B and MUC5AC impair epithelial barrier function and alter granulocyte frequency and activation in the lung and distal sites. Neeraj Patil

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Jul 18:100385. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100385. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Mucus obstructs the airways in respiratory diseases where MUC5B is the major gel-forming mucin in COPD and MUC5AC-rich mucus dominates in asthma. Mucin production changes in response to inflammatory signals, but whether mucin dysregulation drives inflammation is less studied. OBJECTIVE: We sought … Read more

Accumulation of mucosal and lymphoid hypo-functional granzyme K producing CD8+ effector memory T cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Jetina Okereke

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Jul 17:100387. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100387. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease characterized by the rapid scarring of the lung parenchyma resulting in impaired gas exchange and early mortality. Current treatment options are limited; lung transplantation remains the only definitive treatment. The adaptive immune system has been … Read more

Gone but not forgotten: lung infection history shapes future respiratory immunity. Alicia Dirlam

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Jul 16:100386. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100386. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT After respiratory infection, the lung does not simply return to the prior baseline but adopts a new distinct post-infection steady state involving durable imprints that can shape tissue responses to subsequent challenges. This review introduces the concept of lung tissue memory, whereby prior … Read more

Early postnatal eosinophil expansion associates with gut microbial-metabolic features and type 2 immunity in preterm infants. Huiyu Chen

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Jul 13:100383. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100383. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Early postnatal gut colonization, microbial metabolite production, and immune maturation proceed in parallel. Although disruption has been linked to later allergic disease, cellular immune patterns remain insufficiently defined. Very and extremely preterm infants frequently develop eosinophilia, providing a setting to relate eosinophil … Read more

Gut segmented filamentous Bacteria impedes growth of B16F10 subcutaneous tumors via modulating T cell function. Hirohito Abo

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Jul 10:100382. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100382. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Intestinal microbiota composition influences innate and adaptive immunity, both within and beyond the intestine. A prominent example of the latter is segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), whose gut colonization reprograms alveolar macrophages (AM) and systemically shapes T cell polarity. We hypothesized that these impacts … Read more

Mucosal immunity as a vaccine-induced correlate of protection against influenza. A R Dvorscek

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Jul 8:100381. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100381. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Licensure of influenza vaccines relies on serum hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers, a correlate of protection (CoP) that was developed more than 50 years ago and which is only poorly predictive of protection. This is especially true of immunity induced by intranasal live attenuated … Read more

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