Mucosal Immunology

Cannabidiol prevents mucosal HIV-1 transmission by targeting Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and T-cells. Caio César Barbosa Bomfim

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 7:S1933-0219(26)00030-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.03.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT HIV-1 transmission depends on the structure and immune cell composition of mucosal epithelia. Transmission mechanisms involve direct infection of CD4+ T-cells or macrophages, and indirect viral transfer to CD4+ T-cells from Langerhans cells (LCs) or dendritic cells (DCs). LCs-mediated HIV-1 transfer is inhibited … Read more

The biliary tree: A new frontier in mucosal immunology?. Guo Yin

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 19:S1933-0219(26)00047-4. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Mucosal immunology traditionally applies to mucosal surfaces encountering microorganisms and environmental antigens, while the biliary tree is mostly regarded as a duct connecting the liver to the intestines. On the one hand, the biliary epithelium is considered a mucosal surface; on the other, … Read more

CD160-competent ILC2 are crucial for the ejection of intestinal helminths by the innate immune system. Lennart Heepmann

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 11:S1933-0219(26)00042-5. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT 1.6 billion people are currently infected with parasitic worms. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) play a central role in promoting the protective type 2 immunity against these parasites. Here we show that a subpopulation of intestinal ILC2 express the immune checkpoint molecule … Read more

Eomes fate-labeling reveals a subset of Eomeslo NK cells that exhibits an ILC1-like phenotype. Vladislava Stokic-Trtica

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 9:S1933-0219(26)00040-1. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are distinct lineages defined by lineage-specifying transcription factors that drive their differentiation and effector programs. Despite being stable lineages, ILC plasticity has been reported. Plasticity is characterized by downregulation of the transcription factor that specifies the current ILC lineage, … Read more

Epithelial barrier DUOX2 serves as early immune defense in intestinal pathogen control. Maurice O’Mara

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 9:S1933-0219(26)00041-3. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Epithelial barriers constitute the first line of immune defense, preventing pathogen adherence, growth and entry through physical and chemical mechanisms. Essential to chemical defense are reactive oxygen species, usually provided by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. DUOX2, a related oxidase, functions as sensor of … Read more

The Nox2 NADPH oxidase regulates neutrophilic inflammation in the oral cavity. Shunying Jin

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 8:S1933-0219(26)00039-5. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The leukocyte NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) is an important regulator of inflammatory responses, independent of its antimicrobial activity. Inactivating mutations in NOX2 cause chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a severe immunodeficiency associated with recurrent infections and dysregulated neutrophilic inflammation. Recurrent oral ulcers, stomatitis, gingivitis, … Read more

Differential effects of SARS-CoV-2-targeted infection of ATII, club cells, and macrophages on lung immunopathology and antiviral responses. Austin W Todd

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 6:S1933-0219(26)00038-3. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The specific contributions of lung epithelial and immune cells to SARS-CoV-2-induced immunopathology and antiviral responses remain unclear. To address this, we generated mouse models with inducible expression of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) in specific lung cell types. Infection of mice expressing hACE2 … Read more

Single-cell profiling of BAL in preschool cystic fibrosis reveals macrophage dysregulation and ivacaftor-modified inflammatory programs in the early life lung. Jovana Maksimovic

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Mar 30:S1933-0219(26)00036-X. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.03.012. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Aberrant inflammation and structural lung damage occurs early in life for people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Even in the era of CFTR modulators, anti-inflammatory therapy may still be needed to prevent establishment and lifelong consequences of bronchiectasis. In this study, we integrated transcriptome-wide … Read more

Allergic lung inflammation can be modulated by niacin and drives the development of glycolytic eosinophils. Rossana Azzoni

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Mar 28:S1933-0219(26)00037-1. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.03.013. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Eosinophils are key contributors to allergic pathology, however, increasingly eosinophils are described to have important roles in organ health and immunoregulation. The factors that define and regulate these diverse eosinophil functions remain poorly understood. Here we show the emergence of a lung-specific Siglec-Fhi … Read more

Androgens protect ILC2S from functional suppression during influenza virus infection. Sapana Kadel

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Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Mar 26:S1933-0219(26)00035-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.03.011. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Biological sex differences in morbidity upon influenza A virus (IAV) infection are linked to stronger IFN-centered immune responses in females, yet the regulatory role of sex steroid receptors in immune cell subsets is incompletely understood. Lung-resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) express … Read more

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