Mucosal Immunology

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 May 7:100348. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100348. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Commensal microbes can cause invasive infection but can also stimulate protective immune responses as exemplified by the gut pathobiont Candida albicans. This species primes systemic Th17 immunogenicity which protects against disseminated infection, and yet the fungal determinants driving protection remain uncertain. Here we … Read more

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 May 1:100347. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100347. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Eosinophils have traditionally been viewed as terminally differentiated type 2 effector cells involved in anti-helminth immunity and allergic inflammation. Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics have refined this view, revealing substantial developmental and functional heterogeneity across tissues and inflammatory settings. Eosinophil development in the … Read more

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 27:S1933-0219(26)00048-6. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.007. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Influenza virus infection can result in outcomes ranging from moderate, self-limiting illness to severe, life-threatening disease. Although severe cases are frequently associated with CD8+ T cell lymphopenia, the underlying mechanisms driving this diminished T cell response remain poorly defined. Here, we investigated how … Read more

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 7:S1933-0219(26)00030-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.03.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT HIV-1 transmission depends on the structure and immune cell composition of mucosal epithelia. Transmission mechanisms involve direct infection of CD4+ T-cells or macrophages, and indirect viral transfer to CD4+ T-cells from Langerhans cells (LCs) or dendritic cells (DCs). LCs-mediated HIV-1 transfer is inhibited … Read more

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 19:S1933-0219(26)00047-4. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Mucosal immunology traditionally applies to mucosal surfaces encountering microorganisms and environmental antigens, while the biliary tree is mostly regarded as a duct connecting the liver to the intestines. On the one hand, the biliary epithelium is considered a mucosal surface; on the other, … Read more

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 11:S1933-0219(26)00042-5. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT 1.6 billion people are currently infected with parasitic worms. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) play a central role in promoting the protective type 2 immunity against these parasites. Here we show that a subpopulation of intestinal ILC2 express the immune checkpoint molecule … Read more

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 9:S1933-0219(26)00040-1. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are distinct lineages defined by lineage-specifying transcription factors that drive their differentiation and effector programs. Despite being stable lineages, ILC plasticity has been reported. Plasticity is characterized by downregulation of the transcription factor that specifies the current ILC lineage, … Read more

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 9:S1933-0219(26)00041-3. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Epithelial barriers constitute the first line of immune defense, preventing pathogen adherence, growth and entry through physical and chemical mechanisms. Essential to chemical defense are reactive oxygen species, usually provided by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. DUOX2, a related oxidase, functions as sensor of … Read more

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 8:S1933-0219(26)00039-5. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The leukocyte NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) is an important regulator of inflammatory responses, independent of its antimicrobial activity. Inactivating mutations in NOX2 cause chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a severe immunodeficiency associated with recurrent infections and dysregulated neutrophilic inflammation. Recurrent oral ulcers, stomatitis, gingivitis, … Read more

Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 6:S1933-0219(26)00038-3. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The specific contributions of lung epithelial and immune cells to SARS-CoV-2-induced immunopathology and antiviral responses remain unclear. To address this, we generated mouse models with inducible expression of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) in specific lung cell types. Infection of mice expressing hACE2 … Read more