Semin Immunol. 2025 Dec 2;81:101998. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101998. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Oncolytic viruses (OV) are designed to seek out and kill cancer cells, while simultaneously inciting potent antitumour immunity. While their exact mechanism of action is incompletely understood, therapeutic activity is proposed to rely on viruses selectively infecting cancer cells – not only to … Read more
Semin Immunol. 2025 Nov 28;81:102005. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT IL-1 family members, such as IL-1 and IL-33, are present in the tumor microenvironment and exert tumor-intrinsic and tumor-extrinsic functions with both pro- and anti-tumor effects. Among their immunoregulatory roles, both cytokines contribute to lymphoid type-2 immunity. IL-1 can indirectly promote CD4+ Th2 … Read more
Semin Immunol. 2025 Nov 6;80:102004. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Hepatocellular carcinoma developing in patients with HBV chronic infection are marked by expression of whole or partial HBV antigens through a highly tissue-specific process, determined by the hepatotropism of HBV. HBV antigens are therefore a possible target for adoptive T cell immunotherapy as … Read more
Semin Immunol. 2025 Nov 1;80:102003. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Over the past decades, Interleukin-9 (IL-9) and TH9 cells, have gained attention as important regulators of diverse responses throughout the promotion of activation and expansion of diverse cell subtypes. TH9 cells have been studied in several immunological contexts, including allergic and autoimmune responses, … Read more
Semin Immunol. 2025 Nov 1;80:102002. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT IL-1β belongs to the IL-1 family and has the particularity to need to be cleaved by caspase-1 to be active. Once processed, IL-1β is secreted and binds to IL-1R1 on target cells, leading to the transcription of specific genes. Within a tumor, IL-1β … Read more
Semin Immunol. 2025 Oct 24;80:102001. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Oncolytic viruses are gaining traction as novel cancer immunotherapy tools given their ability to selectively target transformed cells. While direct tumor debulking was historically considered their primary mode of action, it is now appreciated that antitumor immunity significantly contributes to therapeutic efficacy. While … Read more
Semin Immunol. 2025 Oct 16;80:101999. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101999. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT T helper 9 (Th9) cells, characterized by their production of interleukin-9 (IL-9), play pivotal roles in protective immunity and inflammatory disease. Their differentiation depends on the integration of three signals: TCR engagement (Signal 1), co-stimulatory receptor activation (Signal 2), and cytokine-driven transcriptional programming … Read more
Semin Immunol. 2025 Oct 6;80:101997. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101997. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The IL-1 family comprises 11 cytokines, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-18, IL-33, and IL-36 cytokines to IL-37 and IL-38, that modulate innate immune system activity. In addition to their role in innate immunity, IL-1 family members can activate and enhance … Read more
Semin Immunol. 2025 Sep 30;80:101995. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101995. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Reovirus is one of the most clinically investigated oncolytic viruses, with over 50 clinical trials and more than 1700 patients treated to date. Although it has yet to achieve complete regulatory approval, reovirus remains a promising oncolytic virus candidate for cancer immunotherapy due … Read more
Semin Immunol. 2025 Sep 29;80:101996. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101996. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a rhabdovirus with intrinsic oncolytic properties, has emerged as a promising candidate for cancer therapy. Thanks to impaired antiviral responses affecting cancer cells, particularly downregulated type I interferon signaling, VSV selectively replicates in tumor cells while sparing normal cells. … Read more
