Seminars in Immunology

Semin Immunol. 2026 May 18;82:102033. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2026.102033. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Antigen-presenting cells shape the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies by providing essential signals required for antitumor T-cell response. Dendritic cells (DCs) are central to oncolytic virus (OV)-induced antitumor immunity because they couple tumor-antigen acquisition to cross-presentation and T-cell priming in tumor-draining lymph nodes. In … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2026 May 15;82:102030. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2026.102030. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, remains one of the most striking examples of how parasite genetic diversity and host immune heterogeneity converge to shape chronic infection outcomes. This review integrates findings from studies across Latin America -Mexico and Central America, the Andean … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2026 May 15;82:102031. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2026.102031. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The interleukin-1 (IL-1) superfamily encompasses a group of cytokines with central roles in inflammation and immune regulation. IL-1 is directly implicated in activating survival and proliferative pathways in transformed cells, orchestrating the angiogenic switch, remodeling the extracellular matrix, and driving invasion and metastatic … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2026 May 5;82:102029. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2026.102029. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has transformed the treatment of hematological malignancies, offering durable responses in conditions such as diffuse large cell lymphoma, B-cell leukemias and multiple myeloma. However, access to this therapy is still limited in low- and middle-income nations, … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2026 May 2;82:102028. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2026.102028. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Chagas disease (ChD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) originate from distinct etiological processes -infectious and metabolic, respectively- yet both share a chronic inflammatory and metabolic imbalance that profoundly impacts immune-endocrine homeostasis. Persistent Trypanosoma cruzi infection in ChD induces sustained immune activation, altered adrenal … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2026 Apr 27;82:102027. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2026.102027. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Nutritional status and dietary composition profoundly influence immune responses, with carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, acting as key regulators of immune cell metabolism, activation, and function. This review synthesizes current evidence on how these macronutrients shape the behavior of innate and adaptive immune cells, … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2026 Apr 16;82:102026. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2026.102026. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT TH9 cells, a distinct subset of CD4+ T helper cells characterized by IL-9 production, have emerged as key players in cancer immunology. Initially recognized for their potent antitumor activity upon adoptive cell transfer against melanoma, recent studies have revealed a more complex and … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2026 Apr 1;82:102025. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2026.102025. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on Latin America, exposing structural inequalities, fragmented healthcare systems, and longstanding technological dependence. The region experienced a high burden of infection and excess mortality, influenced by socioeconomic vulnerability and a high prevalence of metabolic comorbidities. In … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2026 Mar;81:102000. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102000. ABSTRACT Adapting the success of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy from hematologic malignancies to solid tumors has become a major focus of ongoing research activities. However, the unique challenges posed by solid tumors, such as limited immune cell infiltration, reduced T cell persistence, and antigen loss, have led … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2026 Feb 24;81:102017. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2026.102017. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Upon antigenic stimulation and cytokine cues, CD4⁺ T cells differentiate into specialized helper subsets, giving rise to Th1, Th2, Th9 and Th17 cell lineages. These subsets orchestrate distinct immune functions that protect the host but can also drive immunopathology when dysregulated. The classical … Read more