The Journal of Immunology

Ligation of TLR2, but not of TLR4 or other Toll-like receptors, induces neutrophil extracellular trap formation in humans

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag079. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag079. ABSTRACT Neutrophils are usually the first cells recruited to sites of injury or infection where they mount antimicrobial responses, including the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Toll-like receptors play a major role in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and all but TLR3 are expressed in neutrophils. … Read more

E-cadherin expression promotes tumor growth via KLRG1-dependent pathways

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag046. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag046. ABSTRACT Transformed cells frequently adapt to immune pressure by modulating expression of ligands for PD-1 and CTLA-4. Despite the success of therapies targeting these interactions, only a minority of patients experience a clinical response, highlighting the critical need for alternative targets. Prior work from our group showed that … Read more

Control of antibody class switch recombination by quantitative integration of antigen signaling

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag048. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag048. ABSTRACT Immunoglobulin class switch recombination by B lymphocytes requires the simultaneous expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and noncoding germline transcripts (GLT). Expression of both components is controllable through cytokine signalling and arise through stochastic mechanisms linked to cell division that can be predicted in mathematical models. Here … Read more

ZEB2 orchestrates a transcriptional program to safeguard the integrity of human CD4+ Th1 effector memory cells

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag043. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag043. ABSTRACT CD4+ Th1 cells migrate to sites of inflammation, where they are indispensable for eliminating intracellular pathogens. The lineage-defining transcription factor T-bet establishes the T-helper 1 (Th1) transcriptional program, directing IFN-γ to drive effector responses and inducing subordinate transcription factors to shape the Th1 phenotype. Aberrant Th1 cell … Read more

MARCH2 mediates K27-Linked polyubiquitination of IL-2 receptor α to negatively regulate T cell proliferation

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag045. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag045. ABSTRACT Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a cytokine secreted by activated T cells that plays a central role in T cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we identified MARCH2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase of the MARCH family, as a negative regulator of IL-2 receptor alpha (IL-2Rα). MARCH2 interacts … Read more

Syk inhibition limits autoimmunity and abnormal B cell phenotype and function in mice with B cell-specific TRAF3 deficiency

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag049. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag049. ABSTRACT Autoimmune disorders reduce quality of life and lifespan and can increase B cell lymphoma risk. The adaptor protein TRAF3 regulates B cell survival, activation, and differentiation by restraining signaling through Toll-like receptors, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily members, and the B cell antigen receptor-pathways linked to … Read more

Caspase-8 mediates E. coli-induced cell death and innate immune responses

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag037. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag037. ABSTRACT Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in humans. Pathogenic E. coli is not only the major etiological agent of enteric/diarrheal disease and urinary tract infections, but also among the most common causes of sepsis and meningitis. Caspase-8 is known to regulate … Read more

Riemerella anatipestifer OMP85, a BamA family outer membrane protein, enhances virulence through recruiting host complement regulator vitronectin to mediate complement evasion

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag041. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag041. ABSTRACT Riemerella anatipestifer infection causes septicemia and polyserositis in poultry, leading to serious economic losses to the global poultry industry. The ability to break through the host complement defense barrier is an important characteristic of R. anatipestifer. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood at present. … Read more

Redox index and capacity analysis (RICA) reveals NAD biology changes in T cell responses in vitro and ex vivo

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag035. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag035. ABSTRACT The importance of NAD metabolism in T cell differentiation and function has gained attention in recent years. However, technical limitations impede the specific interrogation of NAD dynamics in living immune cells. In this report, we present the redox index and capacity analysis (RICA) assay, a novel technique … Read more

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