The Journal of Immunology

J Immunol. 2026 Nov 2;215(11):vkag304. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag304. ABSTRACT Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a highly proinflammatory cytokine whose synthesis and cleavage are tightly regulated. It is important for protection from several infections, but can also play a damaging role in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. While pattern recognition receptor activation leads to potent induction of IL-1β, its … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 Nov 2;215(11):vkag291. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag291. ABSTRACT Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are driven by chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical for maintaining immune tolerance, yet their therapeutic use is limited by stability and tissue homing. Here, we demonstrate that agonism of tumor … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 Nov 2;215(11):vkag295. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag295. ABSTRACT Cerebral malaria (CM) is a life-threatening complication of Plasmodium infection driven in part by an overwhelming inflammatory response. No clinical therapies are approved that specifically prevent immunopathology during CM. In experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), vascular endothelial cells in the mouse brain cross-present malaria antigen and upregulate adhesion … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 Nov 2;215(11):vkag263. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag263. ABSTRACT Nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) innate immune proteins have been implicated in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). NLRC5 is a key trans-activator of class I MHC (MHC-I) genes, but it is also found to regulate cytokines and cell death. Meta-analysis of 14 different human RNAseq or microarray data (total … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 Nov 2;215(11):vkag288. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag288. ABSTRACT T cells in patients with chronic autoimmunity show features of dysfunction. However, the functionally defined T cell subsets that are affected by these changes remain poorly characterized. Here, we sought to reveal aberrations in the composition, phenotype, and function of canonical T cell subsets in the blood … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 Nov 2;215(11):vkag289. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag289. ABSTRACT Bacterial lipoproteins are potent TLR2 agonists with significant immunogenic activity. However, it is unclear how TLR2 expression by B cells or other cell types can contribute to the humoral response against these Ags. Here, we demonstrate that the immunogenicity of Francisella tularensis lipoproteins Tul4 and FTT1103, in … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 Oct 1;215(10):vkag278. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag278. ABSTRACT Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are an abundant class of proteins well known for their functions in protein folding and molecular chaperoning within all compartments of a cell. These functions are fundamental in all single and multicellular organisms, and so HSPs have remained relatively conserved in structure throughout … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 Oct 1;215(10):vkag290. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag290. ABSTRACT Age-associated B cells (ABCs) have emerged as critical components of adaptive immune responses linked to autoimmune disorders, aging-associated diseases, and chronic infections. Accumulation of ABCs is subjected to sex-specific regulation. A group of X-linked genes, including TLR7 and CXorf21/TASL, an adaptor that regulates IRF5 activity, are key … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 Oct 1;215(10):vkag277. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag277. ABSTRACT Maternal immunity is a key mechanism of early defense in vertebrates. Among the various maternal molecules, antibodies (Abs) play a crucial role. In teleost fish, immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the earliest discovered and most abundant Ab type. However, the maternal immune function of teleost IgM is still … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 Oct 1;215(10):vkag283. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag283. ABSTRACT The lymphatic system is essential for the development of innate and adaptive immune responses to pathogens, including during viral infection and vaccination. Functioning as an integrated network composed of lymphatic vessels, lymphoid organs, and fluid, it serves as a central hub for viral entry, recognition, trafficking, replication, … Read more