The Journal of Immunology

PGRN promotes host defense against B. thailandensis-induced sepsis by augmenting macrophage antibacterial capacity via JAK1-STAT3 pathway

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J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag069. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag069. ABSTRACT Burkholderia thailandensis (B. thailandensis) is an emerging pathogen. Although it has not yet caused large-scale outbreaks, severe infections can lead to sepsis. Currently, there are no effective treatment strategies available, highlighting the urgent need to develop novel therapies. Progranulin (PGRN) is a multifunctional protein with complex roles … Read more

PI3Kδ inhibition alters CD8 T cell differentiation and reprograms the tumor microenvironment following adoptive immunotherapy

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J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag108. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag108. ABSTRACT T cell exhaustion remains a significant barrier to effective adoptive cell therapy in solid tumors. Here, we demonstrate that in vitro treatment with the PI3Kδ inhibitor CAL-101 generates T cells with enhanced stemness and metabolic fitness. These cells show increased mitochondrial dependence and spare respiratory capacity while … Read more

The role of electroacupuncture in altering lipoic acid metabolism to reduce joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis rats

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J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag083. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag083. ABSTRACT Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by severe synovial inflammation and progressive joint destruction. This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture (EA) in a rat model of RA and explored its potential association with lipoic acid (LA) metabolism. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was established in rats, followed by … Read more

Contributions of T-helper 9 cells in endometriosis-associated inflammation and lesion growth

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J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag123. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag123. ABSTRACT Endometriosis is an inflammatory gynecologic disease characterized by ectopic growth of endometrial-like tissue, resulting in pelvic pain and infertility. T-helper 9 (Th9) cells play a known role in various chronic inflammatory diseases. Despite parallels between endometriosis and Th9-driven diseases, their role in endometriosis has not been extensively … Read more

CNS1-dependent regulatory T cells shape recovery from acute lung injury

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J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag119. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag119. ABSTRACT Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in mediating recovery from acute lung injury (ALI). However, the complex roles of functionally heterogeneous Treg subsets in the lung during the resolution of acute inflammation remain unclear. To investigate the role of peripherally induced Tregs, we utilized mice … Read more

miR-378b-3p promotes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication by negatively regulating type I interferon expression via targeting OGT

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J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag121. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag121. ABSTRACT Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most economically important viral pathogens for the swine industry. PRRSV has evolved diverse strategies to modulate the type I interferon (IFN-I) response during infections. Recently, it has become increasingly recognized that microRNAs (miRNAs) can contribute to … Read more

Pregnancy-induced NK cells of importance to gravidity and preeclampsia

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J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag027. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag027. ABSTRACT Immunological changes induced by a woman’s first pregnancy in controls and in cases of preeclampsia, which is more frequent and often a more severe complication in primigravid women, were investigated. Decidual natural killer (NK) cells are important for placentation and interact with HLA Ib molecules on extravillous … Read more

Myeloid cell IL-15 production in the brain supports bystander CD8+ T cell neuropathic immune responses following virus infection

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J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag102. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag102. ABSTRACT The central nervous system (CNS) includes a uniquely regulated immune response that supports homeostasis, response to injury, and response to pathogens. Recent work has shown that virus-associated immune responses in the CNS may contribute to neuronal injury and long-term outcomes such as neurocognitive decline. However, the fundamental … Read more

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