The Journal of Immunology

The influence of nuclear antigen form on complement activation by systemic lupus erythematosus antinuclear antibody immune complexes determined by a novel immunocapture assay

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag088. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag088. ABSTRACT Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease in which immune complexes (ICs) consisting of antinuclear autoantibodies (ANAs) and nuclear antigens induce complement activation and contribute to disease pathogenesis. The impact of antigen form on ICs formation and subsequent complement activation is not well understood. To … Read more

Lactate conditioning reprograms mucosal-associated invariant T cell metabolism boosting effector function

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag073. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag073. ABSTRACT Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional T cells, which upon activation can display potent cytotoxic and cytokine-producing capabilities. Together, these features make MAIT cells promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we show that MAIT cells can be efficiently amplified in vitro, and these amplified … Read more

The autoantibody β1-AA contributes to N/OFQ-exacerbated ventricular arrhythmias following acute myocardial ischemia

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag072. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag072. ABSTRACT Ventricular arrhythmias are a primary cause of sudden cardiac death after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Both β1-adrenergic autoantibodies (β1-AA) and nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) are implicated in AMI, but their potential interaction in ischemic arrhythmogenesis remains unclear. This study investigated the interplay between N/OFQ and β1-AA and the … Read more

CyNET-a network analysis framework for high dimensional, system level analyses of the functional immunome

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag064. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag064. ABSTRACT The immune system is a complex “network of networks,” where interactions between various immune cell subsets determine immune competence and influence disease onset or control. These interactions dictate whether the body remains in a healthy state or develops pathological conditions. Traditional statistical methods largely ignore these interactions … Read more

Different clinical forms of Plasmodium vivax infection result in unique T cell epitope-specific immune responses

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkaf335. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf335. ABSTRACT Malaria remains a significant public health concern despite a steady decline in symptomatic cases. In Brazil, endemic regions are primarily concentrated in the Amazon region, where most cases are attributed to Plasmodium vivax. Although malaria does not confer long-term sterilizing immunity, clinical immunity is achieved, leading to … Read more

Deficiency of microRNA-10a in CD4+ T cells protects against intestinal infection through mitochondrial oxidation-IL-22 pathway

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag089. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag089. ABSTRACT Interleukin 22 (IL-22) produced by CD4+ T cells plays an important role in regulating intestinal immune responses during inflammation and infection, but the mechanisms controlling IL-22 expression in T cells remain incompletely understood. MicroRNA-10a (miR-10a) is known to regulate CD4+ T-cell function, but its role in IL-22 … Read more

Evaluation of Salmonella Paratyphi specific antibody quantity and function after vaccination and controlled human infection

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag044. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag044. ABSTRACT Salmonella Paratyphi A is a major cause of paratyphoid fever. Despite growing global concern, knowledge of S. Paratyphi A immunity remains limited, and no licensed vaccine exists. In a controlled human infection model (CHIM) homologous S. Paratyphi A rechallenge showed a non-significant reduction in risk of acute … Read more

Single-cell analysis identifies CPT1a-associated metabolic remodeling in human NK cells during COVID-19

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag036. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag036. ABSTRACT Natural killer (NK) cells are critical for early antiviral immunity, yet their metabolic regulation during acute human viral infection remains incompletely understood. We analyzed NK cell activation and metabolic reprogramming in 47 vaccinated individuals with mild breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection and 20 matched healthy control subjects. COVID-19 patients … Read more

Targeting the IL-6/IL-17 amplifier loop in fibroblasts: insights from chronic antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplant patients

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag057. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag057. ABSTRACT Chronic antibody-mediated kidney rejection (CABMR) is a major cause of chronic allograft injury. Fibroblasts have been implicated in mediating this injury through activation of the IL-6 amplifier loop (IL-6 + IL-17), driven by the NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways. This study investigated the activation of the IL-6 … Read more

Ligation of TLR2, but not of TLR4 or other Toll-like receptors, induces neutrophil extracellular trap formation in humans

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J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag079. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag079. ABSTRACT Neutrophils are usually the first cells recruited to sites of injury or infection where they mount antimicrobial responses, including the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Toll-like receptors play a major role in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and all but TLR3 are expressed in neutrophils. … Read more

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