The Journal of Immunology

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag108. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag108. ABSTRACT T cell exhaustion remains a significant barrier to effective adoptive cell therapy in solid tumors. Here, we demonstrate that in vitro treatment with the PI3Kδ inhibitor CAL-101 generates T cells with enhanced stemness and metabolic fitness. These cells show increased mitochondrial dependence and spare respiratory capacity while … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag083. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag083. ABSTRACT Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by severe synovial inflammation and progressive joint destruction. This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture (EA) in a rat model of RA and explored its potential association with lipoic acid (LA) metabolism. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was established in rats, followed by … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag123. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag123. ABSTRACT Endometriosis is an inflammatory gynecologic disease characterized by ectopic growth of endometrial-like tissue, resulting in pelvic pain and infertility. T-helper 9 (Th9) cells play a known role in various chronic inflammatory diseases. Despite parallels between endometriosis and Th9-driven diseases, their role in endometriosis has not been extensively … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag119. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag119. ABSTRACT Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in mediating recovery from acute lung injury (ALI). However, the complex roles of functionally heterogeneous Treg subsets in the lung during the resolution of acute inflammation remain unclear. To investigate the role of peripherally induced Tregs, we utilized mice … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag121. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag121. ABSTRACT Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most economically important viral pathogens for the swine industry. PRRSV has evolved diverse strategies to modulate the type I interferon (IFN-I) response during infections. Recently, it has become increasingly recognized that microRNAs (miRNAs) can contribute to … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag027. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag027. ABSTRACT Immunological changes induced by a woman’s first pregnancy in controls and in cases of preeclampsia, which is more frequent and often a more severe complication in primigravid women, were investigated. Decidual natural killer (NK) cells are important for placentation and interact with HLA Ib molecules on extravillous … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag102. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag102. ABSTRACT The central nervous system (CNS) includes a uniquely regulated immune response that supports homeostasis, response to injury, and response to pathogens. Recent work has shown that virus-associated immune responses in the CNS may contribute to neuronal injury and long-term outcomes such as neurocognitive decline. However, the fundamental … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag107. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag107. ABSTRACT Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells play critical roles in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). 1C6 T cell receptor transgenic (TcR-Tg) mice on the nonobese diabetic (NOD) background have a MOG[35-55] (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55)-specific, major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted TcR that selects for both CD4+ … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag106. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag106. ABSTRACT For endemically circulating viruses, quantifying neutralization capacity of antibodies in a rapid and high-throughput manner is paramount given the ever-evolving targets of neutralization. Moreover, identifying features of an antibody response correlating with neutralization at the multivariate level can inform vaccine boosting strategies and next-generation monoclonal antibody therapies. … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag112. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag112. ABSTRACT Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus. An unresolved question is how immunosuppressive preconditioning regimens influence CAR-T cell engraftment and therapeutic efficacy. In murine models, whole-body irradiation is required for optimal CAR-T cell … Read more