The Journal of Immunology

Macrophage-intrinsic and IL-9-dependent arginine metabolism promotes lung tumor growth

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J Immunol. 2026 Mar 17;215(3):vkag026. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag026. ABSTRACT Tumor-associated macrophages are an abundant, tumor-infiltrating cell population that supports the evasion of tumor cells from antitumoral immune cell detection by generating an immunosuppressive tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME). The immunosuppressive function of macrophages is dictated by the cytokine environment. IL-9 is a pleiotropic cytokine that can be a … Read more

PE_PGRS23 promotes intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by competitively regulating autophagy gene expression through TFEB and USF2

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J Immunol. 2026 Mar 17;215(3):vkag029. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag029. ABSTRACT Autophagy serves as a crucial defense mechanism against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) survival within infected macrophages. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) and upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) belong to the bHLH-Zip family and regulate the transcription of autophagy-related genes, thereby modulating host-pathogen interactions. However, the mechanisms by which Mtb … Read more

Cathepsin B promotes asthma potentially via macrophage-associated autophagy and apoptosis

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J Immunol. 2026 Mar 17;215(3):vkag020. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag020. ABSTRACT Asthma is a chronic airway disease driven by type 2 immune responses, a core mechanism shared across allergic conditions. Cathepsins (CTSs), lysosomal proteases that regulate immune processes such as autophagy, antigen presentation, and cytokine modulation, have been implicated in allergy, but whether specific CTSs-particularly cathepsin B (CTSB)-causally … Read more

Heterogeneity in inflammatory responses to endotoxin at the fetomaternal interface

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J Immunol. 2026 Mar 17;215(3):vkag014. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag014. ABSTRACT The fetomaternal interface (FMi), comprising fetal chorionic trophoblast cells (CTCs) and maternal decidual stromal cells (DECs), plays a critical role in providing immune tolerance during pregnancy. Intrauterine inflammation is major trigger of adverse outcomes such as preterm birth, yet the cell-specific inflammatory responses at the FMi -; … Read more

Heme enhances B-cell proliferation and plasma cell formation through reduced p21 and Rb expression

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J Immunol. 2026 Mar 17;215(3):vkag025. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag025. ABSTRACT Antibodies are secreted by specialized antibody-secreting cells, also known as plasma cells (PCs), which differentiate from antigen-activated B cells. Antibodies are critical for protection against many types of infection and are correlates of vaccine efficacy. Iron metabolism is important for antibody responses, and heme (the major source … Read more

Silencing of Zc3h13 attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory response in macrophages via m6A-dependent stabilization of Spic mRNA

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J Immunol. 2026 Mar 17;215(3):vkag034. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag034. ABSTRACT N6-methyladenosine (m6A) represents a reversible and ubiquitous posttranscriptional modification of mRNA. It plays a crucial role in immune cell development and is implicated in a range of pathological conditions. Nevertheless, the precise role of m6A in LPS-induced macrophage inflammatory responses remains elusive. In the present study, we … Read more

CXCL13/CXCR5 chemokine axis promotes antiviral CXCR5+CD19+ B Cells and follicular/effector CXCR5+CD4+ T Cells in the lungs associated with protection from severe and fatal COVID-19 following infection with pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant

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J Immunol. 2026 Mar 17;215(3):vkag017. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag017. ABSTRACT Chemokines play a crucial role in the lung’s immune responses to infections and diseases. The role of CXC ligand 13 (CXCL13), a chemokine produced homeostatically by various lung cell types, in protecting against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and disease remains controversial. Some studies … Read more

HDAC7 is a key factor for the germinal center reaction and its underexpression is associated with DLBCL prognosis

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J Immunol. 2026 Mar 17;215(3):vkag015. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag015. ABSTRACT Histone deacetylase HDAC7 is required for early B cell development and governs the acquisition of B cell progenitors gene identity. Its role in mature B cell biology and associated malignancies is unknown. Here, by using a conditional mouse model for specific deletion in activated B cells, we … Read more

Hemocyanin regulates phosphatidylcholine metabolism to enhance reactive oxygen species-mediated immunity in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)

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J Immunol. 2026 Mar 17;215(3):vkag018. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag018. ABSTRACT Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is one of the most severe threats to global shrimp aquaculture. Recent studies report a significant reduction in hepatopancreas hemocyanin levels in Penaeus vannamei (PvHMC) by AHPND. To investigate the functional implications, we performed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and found that … Read more

Adult mice with neonatal-like T cell subsets exhibit increased susceptibility to Bordetella pertussis and influenza infection

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J Immunol. 2026 Mar 17;215(3):vkaf361. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf361. ABSTRACT Infants are significantly more susceptible to respiratory infection, often resulting in increased morbidity and hospitalization, and occasionally death. This susceptibility is partially explained by the developing nature of the thymus in human infants at-and for several months after-birth. However, the contribution of T cells produced in this … Read more

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