The Journal of Immunology

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag102. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag102. ABSTRACT The central nervous system (CNS) includes a uniquely regulated immune response that supports homeostasis, response to injury, and response to pathogens. Recent work has shown that virus-associated immune responses in the CNS may contribute to neuronal injury and long-term outcomes such as neurocognitive decline. However, the fundamental … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag107. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag107. ABSTRACT Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells play critical roles in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). 1C6 T cell receptor transgenic (TcR-Tg) mice on the nonobese diabetic (NOD) background have a MOG[35-55] (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55)-specific, major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted TcR that selects for both CD4+ … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag106. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag106. ABSTRACT For endemically circulating viruses, quantifying neutralization capacity of antibodies in a rapid and high-throughput manner is paramount given the ever-evolving targets of neutralization. Moreover, identifying features of an antibody response correlating with neutralization at the multivariate level can inform vaccine boosting strategies and next-generation monoclonal antibody therapies. … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag112. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag112. ABSTRACT Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus. An unresolved question is how immunosuppressive preconditioning regimens influence CAR-T cell engraftment and therapeutic efficacy. In murine models, whole-body irradiation is required for optimal CAR-T cell … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkaf296. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf296. ABSTRACT CD8 cytolytic T cells are key players in fighting viral infections and other intracellular pathogens. In response to signals from the TCR, costimulatory molecules, and cytokines, CD8 T cells differentiate into populations of cytolytic effectors that can efficiently kill infected and tumor cells, as well as memory … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag098. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag098. ABSTRACT Coccidioidomycosis is a leading cause of pneumonia in the endemic area of the Sonora desert and the central valley of California. The causative agent are the fungi Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii. While most infections ultimately resolve without treatment, some infections spread to the periphery and cause … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag103. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag103. ABSTRACT NFIL3 (E4BP4) is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor best known for its roles in circadian regulation. It functions primarily as a transcriptional repressor through competitive DNA binding and the recruitment of histone-modifying complexes. More recently, NFIL3 has emerged as a critical regulator of immunity. It is … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag066. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag066. ABSTRACT Neutrophils are crucial to innate immune responses to microbes. The engagement of opsonized pathogens by Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) on neutrophil surfaces mediates multiple antimicrobial functions, including phagocytosis and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). FcγRIIIb (CD16b) is the most abundant FcγR on human neutrophils. This … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag111. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag111. ABSTRACT The cause of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not known, but both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to IBD pathogenesis. To better understand the contributions of innate immunity to IBD, we have generated a mouse model of IBD that occurs spontaneously in the absence of adaptive immunity. … Read more

J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag002. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag002. ABSTRACT Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) mediates signaling downstream of many receptors expressed by B cells. Studies in both mice and humans have shown that PI3K plays a critical role in B-cell development, activation, and tolerance. Indeed the key role of PI3K in regulating activation versus tolerance is demonstrated by … Read more