Trends in Immunology

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 21:S1471-4906(25)00163-2. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.06.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Communication between the gut microbiota and host post-translational modifications (PTMs) has been extensively characterized, and recent evidence delineates a functionally integrated gut microbiota-host PTM axis. This axis is not only essential for maintaining metabolism homeostasis but also plays diverse roles in regulating disease … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 18:S1471-4906(25)00173-5. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT CD8 T cell activation and acquisition of cytolytic activity, which is essential for adaptive immunity, begins with priming in the lymph node (LN). Jobin et al. recently identified a second, delayed priming phase driven by competition with regulatory T cells for IL-2, revealing … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 18:S1471-4906(25)00167-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.06.007. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining immune tolerance, and their dysfunction is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have identified key transcriptional, metabolic, and environmental drivers of Treg instability and loss of function. Understanding these mechanisms opens new avenues … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 15:S1471-4906(25)00170-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Neutrophil numbers fluctuate over time, peaking during active phases to enhance immunity. The molecular link between circadian signals and cellular clocks remains unclear. Yi Du et al. show that light-regulated Per2 increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and bacterial killing in zebrafish neutrophils … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 12:S1471-4906(25)00161-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.06.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Circadian rhythms are key regulators of immune functions. These endogenous oscillations help to maintain immune homeostasis, regulate responses to pathogens, and shape vaccine efficacy. Recent studies further indicate that they are of clinical relevance for cancer immunotherapies. While circadian immune rhythms are thus … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 12:S1471-4906(25)00171-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a life-threatening neurodegenerative disease caused by motor neuron loss. In a recent Phase 2b trial, Bensimon and colleagues report that the addition of low-dose interleukin 2 (LD-IL-2) immunotherapy to standard of care (SOC) shows promise in enhancing immune … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 11:S1471-4906(25)00144-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.06.003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT CD8+ T cells, traditionally recognized for their cytotoxic role in eliminating infections and malignancies, are now known to exhibit significant functional heterogeneity, as revealed by single-cell genomics. Among these, granzyme-K-expressing (GZMK+) CD8+ T cells represent a distinct subset characterized by low cytotoxicity but … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 11:S1471-4906(25)00162-0. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.06.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Neuro-immune crosstalk regulates inflammation and host metabolism via neural modulation of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the signaling pathways, regulators, and physiological relevance of these interactions in human health and disease. Future studies leveraging innovative tools promise new insights … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 11:S1471-4906(25)00169-3. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Pharmacological activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway triggers inflammatory innate immune responses to potentially reinvigorate tumor immunogenicity. Recent work by Dang et al. revealed an alternative paradigm: a clinically approved old drug was repurposed to boost STING signaling and immune … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 10:S1471-4906(25)00172-3. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The border tissues of the brain harbor specialized immune cells known as border-associated macrophages (BAMs), which have vital roles at these interfaces. However, factors governing their development and maintenance remain elusive. In a recent study, Van Hove et al. elegantly demonstrated that interleukin … Read more