Trends in Immunology

Experimental immunologists in the era of artificial intelligence. Yiquan Wang

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Trends Immunol. 2026 Mar 18:S1471-4906(26)00006-2. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.01.003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT While artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming biological science, its full potential in immunology has yet to be realized due to limited data and the need for extensive experimental validation. This review provides a practical guide for experimental immunologists to actively contribute to AI … Read more

The dual-adjuvant logic of mRNA vaccines. R Dilshan Malewana

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Trends Immunol. 2026 Mar 18:S1471-4906(26)00015-3. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.01.012. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Deciphering how mRNA vaccines generate humoral immunity could accelerate next-generation vaccine design. Castaño et al. reveal that mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines employ a dual-adjuvant mechanism: nucleoside-modified mRNA triggers type I interferons to mature dendritic cells, while lipid nanoparticles induce a pro-T follicular helper cell … Read more

Molecular mechanisms of type 2 innate immune sensing. Ziqi Chen

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Trends Immunol. 2026 Mar 18:S1471-4906(26)00011-6. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.01.008. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Type 2 immunity protects against helminths and venoms, yet its dysregulation drives allergic diseases. Initiation occurs at barrier tissues, where epithelial cells detect perturbations and release alarmins, activating type 2 innate lymphoid cells and conditioning dendritic cells for T helper 2 priming. However, … Read more

Decoding the immune-tumor synapse for data-driven design of next-generation immunotherapies. Imke S C van Rossum

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Trends Immunol. 2026 Mar 17:S1471-4906(25)00317-5. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.12.009. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The immunological synapse (IS) formed between cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs) and tumor cells represents the critical interface where many immunotherapies act, including therapeutic antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor immunotherapy. However, detailed characterization of the CTL-tumor IS has remained limited, primarily due to … Read more

KLHL6: a proteostatic guardian against T-cell exhaustion. Yang Pu

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Trends Immunol. 2026 Mar 17:S1471-4906(26)00034-7. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.02.003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Cheng et al.’s recent study identifies the Cullin3-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes (CRL3) adaptor protein Kelch-like protein 6 (KLHL6) as a proteostasis regulator whose downregulation in chronically stimulated T cells leads to the accumulation of thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein and … Read more

The importance of long-lived IgE plasma cells for protracted allergies. Marcus J Robinson

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Trends Immunol. 2026 Mar 17:S1471-4906(26)00009-8. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.01.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT IgE contributes to allergy, but its cellular sources are rare and hard to identify. Genetic fate mapping and single-cell sequencing approaches have now revealed that two cell populations maintain IgE: long-lived IgE plasma cells (PCs) and ‘type 2’ memory B cells. This forum … Read more

Barrier breakdown: insights into the skin-gut axis in psoriatic arthritis. Wannes Van Hooste

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Trends Immunol. 2026 Mar 12:S1471-4906(26)00036-0. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.02.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the skin, joints, and entheses. Growing evidence implicates alterations at the gut and skin barriers in PsA pathogenesis. These sites play a crucial role in tissue homeostasis, and their disruption can contribute … Read more

Stealth designs to overcome allorejection in engineered cell therapy. Yan-Ruide Li

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Trends Immunol. 2026 Mar 11:S1471-4906(26)00039-6. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.02.008. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The rapid development of allogeneic engineered therapeutic cells has intensified the challenge of host immune-mediated rejection. Advances in molecular immunology, genetic engineering, and induced pluripotent stem cell-based multigene editing have enabled the creation of ‘stealth’ allogeneic cells designed to evade immune detection while … Read more

Tumor-derived cystatin C enables amyloid clearance. Joseph Zambelas

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Trends Immunol. 2026 Mar 11:S1471-4906(26)00038-4. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.02.007. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Li et al. described a tumor-derived neuroimmune mechanism that promotes clearance of established amyloid pathology in Alzheimer’s disease. secreted cystatin C activates TREM2-dependent microglial phagocytosis, reducing plaques and improving cognition. This work introduces a context-dependent neuroimmune-modulatory strategy that shifts Alzheimer’s therapy from broad … Read more

Integration of biochemical and physical cues by patrolling CD8+ T cells. Jens V Stein

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Trends Immunol. 2026 Mar 7:S1471-4906(26)00035-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.02.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT CD8+ T cell migration is central to host defense, enabling clonal selection, tissue infiltration, and elimination of infected cells. While chemokines guide these cells by activating Rac for F-actin polymerization, recent studies reveal a complementary mechanism through Rho activation. This pathway relies on … Read more

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