The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ critical for the development of mature T cells from hematopoietic progenitors. A highly structured organ, the thymus contains distinct regions, precise cytoarchitecture, and molecular signals tightly regulating th…
Efferocytosis is the process by which various phagocytes clear apoptotic cells. In recent years, an increasing body of evidence has emphasized the importance of efferocytosis in maintaining internal homeostasis. Intestinal macrophages play a crucial ro…
Mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) was first discovered as an activator of NF-κB and IRF3 in response to viral infection in 2005. As a key innate immune adapter that acts as an ‘on/off’ switch in immune signaling against most RNA viruses. Upon in…
Invariant Natural Killer T (NKT) cells represent a unique subset of innate-like T cells that express both NK cell and T cell receptors. These cells are rapidly activated by glycolipid antigens presented via CD1d molecules on antigen-presenting cells (A…
APS (antiphospholipid syndrome) is an autoimmune disease characterized by thrombosis, pregnancy complications and persistent elevation of aPLs (antiphospholipid antibodies). Dysfunction of innate immune cells, ECs (endothelial cells), platelets and tro…
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) confined to the central nervous system. Most of the patients eventually develop relapsed/refractory (R/R) PCNSL, and the overall prognosis for PCNSL remains dismal. Recentl…
Macrophage metabolic reprogramming refers to the process by which macrophages adjust their physiological pathways to meet survival and functional demands in different immune microenvironments. This involves a range of metabolic pathways, including glyc…
Hyper IgE syndromes (HIES) form a rare group of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) distinguished by persistent skin abscesses, dermatitis, allergies, and infections, in addition to their characteristic high serum IgE levels. Autosomal dominant (…
Metastasis is a hallmark of advanced cancer, and the liver is a common site for secondary metastasis of many tumor cells, including colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, and prostate cancers. Macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (TME) promote tumor cel…
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The asymptomatic progression of early-stage HCC often results in diagnosis at advanced stages, significantly limiting t…
