Macrophages are innate immune cells present in all tissues and play an important role in almost all aspects of the biology of living organisms. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by cells and transport their contents (micro RNAs, mRNA, proteins,…
Auto-immune and inflammatory diseases are heterogenous in their clinical manifestations and prognosis, even among individuals presenting with the same pathology. Understanding the immunological alterations involved in their pathogenesis provides valuab…
The glycocalyx is a layer of villus-like structure covering the luminal surface of vascular endothelial cells. Damage to the glycocalyx has been proven linked to the development of many diseases. However, the factors that promote damage to the glycocal…
Biological sex is closely associated with the properties and extent of the immune response, with males and females showing different susceptibilities to diseases and variations in immunity. Androgens, predominantly in males, generally suppress immune r…
CAR-T cell therapy has revolutionized immunotherapy but its allogeneic application, using various strategies, faces significant challenges including graft-versus-host disease and graft rejection. Recent advances using Virus Specific T cells to generate…
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, accounting for approximately 70% of dementia cases worldwide. Patients gradually exhibit cognitive decline, such as memory loss, aphasia, and changes in personality and behavior. R…
The non-polio Enteroviruses (NPEVs), consist of enteroviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and rhinoviruses, are causative agents for a wide variety of diseases, ranging from common cold to encephalitis and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). In recent y…
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is a rare subepidermal blistering disorder characterized by the presence of linear IgA deposits at the basement membrane zone (BMZ) by direct immunofluorescence (DIF). This entity was first described by Chorzelski a…
Macrophages are crucial immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), involved in regulating tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, ECM remodeling, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. Although more and more experimental evidence and clinic…
Glioblastoma(GBM) is a highly malignant primary central nervous system tumor that poses a significant threat to patient survival due to its treatment resistance and rapid recurrence.Current treatment options, including maximal safe surgical resection, …
