Fibrotic interstitial lung disease (fILD), particularly idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), represents an incurable progressive lung disorder characterized by a dismal prognosis. Fibroblasts constitute the principal cellular drivers of the fibrotic ca…
Breast cancer is a common malignancy among women, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) representing a subtype with poor prognosis. Due to the lack of expression of targetable receptors, traditional hormone therapy and HER2-targeted therapy are ine…
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by dysregulated immune tolerance, abnormal secretion of autoantibodies, and multi-organ damage. Among them, mutations in genetic susceptibility genes, ab…
As a key functional component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the intratumoral microbiome in colorectal cancer (CRC) has revolutionized the traditional paradigm of the “sterile tumor.” Far from being mere “bystanders,” these intratumoral microbes …
Research on postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP), a common bone metabolic disease, has traditionally focused on bone loss and imbalance in bone remodeling. However, with the development of bone immunology, the complex interactions between immune cells an…
The management of advanced endometrial cancer (EC) has been transformed by immunotherapy, raising a pivotal clinical challenge: selecting patients with mismatch repair–deficient (dMMR) disease for intensive dual PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade versus standard PD-…
Emerging evidence suggests that the brain–gut–skin axis (BGSA) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and disfiguring skin diseases. Conditions such as acne, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, rosacea, vitiligo, and alopecia areata, once …
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a diverse group of immature myeloid cells critically involved in establishing an immunosuppressive environment within tumors. They impede effective anti-tumor immune responses through multiple mechanisms, in…
The Regnase/MCPIP ribonucleases are involved in the regulation of immune homeostasis, by degrading RNA transcripts that encode inflammatory and regulatory proteins. This review highlights their molecular architecture, catalytic mechanisms, and intricat…
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health crisis driven by oxidative stress and immune dysregulation. Emerging evidence positions ferroptosis—an iron-dependent cell death driven by iron-catalyzed peroxidation of esterified polyuns…
