When food availability is reduced, it is unclear how the host adapts to support glucose-demanding immune processes while preventing hypoglycemia. Here, Menezes-Silva, Jeong, et al. demonstrate that glucocorticoids (GCs) maintain immune homeostasis, and…
Respiratory infection and cardiovascular disease risk are tightly intertwined clinically, but the mechanisms of this relationship are largely unknown. Here, Downey et al. reveal how influenza traffics to the heart from the lung largely within pro-DC3s,…
The function of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk gene INPP5D in microglia remains unclear. Xie et al. identify INPP5D as a direct regulator of RIPK1 kinase, known to be implicated in mediating neuroinflammation. They show that INPP5D deficiency in agi…
Meningeal B cells are increasingly recognized as active players at the brain border. Chen and Xu review recent advances in understanding their heterogeneity, developmental origins, spatial organization, and diverse functions in health and disease, and …
The recent transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus H5N1 from cattle to humans underscores its pandemic risk. Daniel, Ullrich, et al. reveal that H5-naive individuals possess low but detectable H5-reactive and neutralizing IgG antibodi…
Immune cells populate the old brain, but whether they can be specifically targeted to improve brain function in older individuals remains unclear. Navarro Negredo et al. dissect how aging impacts brain immune activity and show that targeting immune cel…
B cells transiently increase interleukin (IL)-2 receptor expression upon activation. Gauthier et al. examine the B cell-intrinsic role of IL-2 and define an IL-2-MAF axis that promotes the differentiation of CD25+ age-associated B cells toward a regula…
Adaptive programming in lymphocytes during infection depends on when—not just whether—they sense antigen and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-12. Grassmann et al. reveal that AP-1/STAT4 cooperation links signal timing to lymphocyte fate, tuning CD8…
Dhariwala et al. demonstrate that commensal microbes recruit classical monocytes to neonatal skin. Disrupting this interaction triggers aberrant IL-17 secretion from cutaneous T lymphocytes, heightening risk of skin inflammation. IL-1 signaling in skin…
Mapping TCRs to antigens at scale presents a major challenge. Gaglione et al. develop an approach to rapidly synthesize and screen thousands of TCRs, enabling broad TCR-antigen screening. Examining T cell specificity in vitiligo uncovers autoreactive T…
