The mechanisms sustaining the persistence of compartmentalized inflammation in MS remain unclear. By generating a spatially resolved single-cell atlas of chronic active MS lesions, Feng et al. reveal CD8+ T cell niches that are enriched with inflamed m…
Gliomas respond poorly to therapy and are considered immunologically “cold” tumors. Cakmak et al. identify tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in a subset of gliomas that show signs of functional adaptive immune activation and are associated with longe…
TNF and type I IFNs are recognized as important drivers of skin inflammation. Priem et al. show that LC3-independent autophagy represses the ability of TNFR1 to directly trigger cGAS/STING-dependent type I IFN production and ZBP1 cytotoxicity, which pr…
CD8+ resident memory T (Trm) cells surveil tissues, acting as frontline sentinels of infection. Joag et al. find that, in primates, systemic vaccination promotes a Trm cell response in barrier compartments, where Trm cells conscript neighboring cells w…
Neuroinflammation contributes to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the molecules and pathways that initiate inflammation are unclear. In this issue of Immunity, Song et al. demonstrate that ZBP1-RIPK1 signaling in microglia can drive AD, wherein ZBP1 is ac…
Upon activation, individual CD8+ clones decide between effector and memory T cell fates by integrating intrinsic T cell receptor (TCR) signals or “nature” and extrinsic signals from co-stimulatory ligands and inflammatory cytokines or “nurture”. The co…
Fibroblasts and immune cells robustly respond to brain injuries and form a persistent “scar.” In a recent issue of Nature, Ewing-Crystal et al. report that fibroblasts have dynamic states that modulate neuroinflammatory responses to brain injury, vital…
Vaccines that induce immunity in tissues are urgently needed. In this issue of Immunity, Joag et al. demonstrate that systemic vaccination of primates induces tissue-resident CD8+ T cells in numerous organs that can activate antiviral responses by stro…
T cells need reactive oxygen species (ROS) for activation and memory formation, yet excessive ROS can drive dysfunction. Rivadeneira et al. show that chronic T cell activation in tumors exposes telomeres to damaging mitochondrial ROS, contributing to T…
Membrane targeting and pore formation of gasdermin C are facilitated by its proteolytic cleavage. In this issue of Immunity, Pandey et al. show how cathepsin S cleaves intestinal epithelial gasdermin C to amplify type 2 immune responses.
