Scott et al. combine migration assays, myriad infection models, and multi-omics to describe the broad adaptability of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (Trm) cells to diverse stimulatory and environmental inputs. They report limitations in common proxy mar…
Human MR1-restricted cells may recognize target cells with altered metabolism, but their function and the nature of recognized self-antigens remain poorly defined. Chancellor et al. find that human MR1T cells recognize a carbonyl adduct of adenine, whi…
The cGAS-STING pathway induces autophagy to deliver cytoplasmic DNA and invading pathogens to lysosomes for elimination. However, whether lysosome function is regulated by the cGAS-STING pathway remains unknown. Xu et al. discover that the cGAS-STING p…
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a severe chronic inflammatory disease without effective treatment options. Yu et al. identify and characterize tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in HS, highlighting fibroblast-driven TLS formation via cytokine feedbac…
Despite protective roles in various type of infection and in would healing, T helper (Th)2 cells are drivers of inflammation in allergic asthma. In this issue of Immunity, Zou et al. demonstrate the crucial involvement of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)…
Mast cells act as “signal converters,” translating immunological and tissue signals into host-protective behaviors. They sense antigen and possibly toxins driving avoidance behavior, which can prevent inflammation and tissue damage. Beyond classical im…
Central tolerance restricts T cells that target self-antigens. In this issue of Immunity, Abdelfattah et al. describe a method to generate self-reactive T cell receptors (TCRs) by directed evolution of non-autoreactive TCRs to recognize self-antigen pe…
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is driven by antigen-specific T cell responses targeting the joints. MacDonald et al. define the range of dendritic cell (DC) populations within joints of RA patients and highlight specific iDC3 and DC2 populations enriched in…
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a severe chronic inflammatory skin disease with limited response to therapy. In this issue of Immunity, Yu et al. identify skin tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) as primary sites for lymphocyte clonal expansion and au…
CD4+ T helper (Th) cell differentiation depends on regulatory networks that enforce lineage commitment while suppressing alternative fates. In a recent issue of Nature, Hou et al. reveal that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) directs Th1 commitmen…
