Immunomodulatory properties of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in immune disorders: immunoregulatory functions, therapeutic progress, and engineering strategies for enhanced efficacy
Immune disorders remain a major global health challenge, as conventional immunosuppressive therapies are often hampered by severe side effects and unsatisfactory long-term efficacy. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) have emerge…