Intravascular immune cell labeling as a critical methodological tool for characterizing CD4+ T cells in the lung in EAE

IntroductionGrowing evidence highlights the lung -brain axis as a key contributor to CNS autoimmunity. However, accurate characterization of lung immune cells remains technically challenging because standard transcardial perfusion does not eliminate th…

GM-CSF production by immune cells in steady state and autoimmune neuroinflammation mapped using fate reporting mice

IntroductionGM-CSF is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that promotes an inflammatory phenotype in myeloid cells. The extent and pattern of GM-CSF expression in immune cells have not been fully elucidated. Our goal was to advance this topic using novel GM-CS…

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