Hongyu Li IntroductionToll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins essential for innate immunity. While vertebrate TLRs have been well studied, knowledge of their distribution, structure, and function in mollusks remains limited, despite their importanc…
Fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) and Down syndrome cell adhesion molecules (Dscams) are important immune-related molecules in invertebrates. Although they are found in different taxonomic groups and possess unique functions, both exhibit high divers…
Colorectal cancer is one of the most lethal tumors, posing a financial and healthcare burden. This study investigates how helminths and pre-existing diseases such as colitis, obesity, diabetes, and gut microbiota issues influence colon cancer developme…
The Immunoglobulin Superfamily (IgSF) represents a vital protein family widely distributed in animal genomes, encompassing multifunctional proteins with immunoglobulin-like domains, including immunoglobulins. These proteins play pivotal roles in variou…
