CCR7-mediated chemokine signaling regulates the medullary migration of thymocytes to establish self-tolerance. By comparing the thymic phenotype of Ccl21b-KO mice with that of Ccl21a-KO mice, we show that Ccl21a plays a predominant role compared with Ccl21b among CCR7 ligands in the thymus. ABSTRACT Self-tolerance in T cells is a vital self-defense strategy for mammals to … Read more

HLDA Workshops were established 40 years ago to develop a standardized CD molecule nomenclature for leukocyte cell-surface molecules by comparing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) produced by different laboratories and companies. The HLDA11 Workshop focused on validating G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) targeting mAbs and assessing cell-type-specific expression patterns in leukocytes. ABSTRACT Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting cell-surface molecules are … Read more

Antibody feedback dynamically shapes the selective landscape for GC B-cells, acting as a driving force of Darwinian-like affinity maturation of B-cell receptors (A). It also balances epitope usage, leading to equal competition among B cell clones specific for different epitopes and allowing the emergence of clones specific for new epitopes (B). ABSTRACT Antibody feedback in … Read more

Murine allergy model outcomes differ by sensitization route, allergen type, and mouse strain, influencing mechanisms such as IgE and mast cell involvement and the therapeutic relevance of each model. Understanding how experimental parameters shape outcomes is essential for selecting appropriate models and effectively translating findings to clinical applications. ABSTRACT Immunoglobulin E (IgE)–mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions … Read more

Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) alters monocyte differentiation and function, while preserving T cell stimulatory capacity. SEA-primed macrophages downregulate antigen-presenting markers yet drive heightened T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion. These findings reveal mechanisms of SEA-mediated immune modulation and superantigen-driven inflammation. ABSTRACT Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) crosslink the MHC-II on antigen-presenting cells (APC) with the T-cell receptor, inducing … Read more

Severe COVID-19 is associated with hyperinflammation driven by anti-spike IgG immune complexes (ICs) contributing to macrophage hyperactivation, thrombosis, and tissue damage. This study shows that anti-spike IgG ICs induce rapid metabolic reprogramming, specifically glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway, which is essential for the inflammatory response. Targeting these metabolic pathways may offer … Read more

Unannotated splicing and translation of non-canonical open reading frames generate a diverse repertoire of cryptic proteins. Most are rapidly degraded, rendering them possible MHC-I substrates. Yet, a subpopulation can adopt stable structures and impart advantageous functions. This dichotomy both expands the antigen landscape and provides a framework for protein evolution. ABSTRACT The widespread translation of … Read more

This is an update to the Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition), Chapter 3: 12C, by Cossarizza et al. Administration of anti-ARTC2 nanobody(S+16a) prevents cell death during tissue processing. We demonstrate that the phenotype of CD44midTreg is significantly impacted, whereas the eTreg phenotype remains stable following … Read more