Jia-Wen Wang Secondary lower-extremity lymphedema has long been regarded primarily as a disorder of impaired lymphatic fluid return. However, growing evidence indicates that its core pathology is a lymph stasis-driven immune–stromal remodeling process characterized…
“Moderate-intensity exercise” is widely regarded as anti-inflammatory; however, meta-analyses of key cytokines have yielded highly inconsistent results. We argue that this inconsistency reflects not mere statistical noise, but a fundamental conceptual …
Malignant melanoma is characterized by high heterogeneity, aggressive metastatic potential, and a profoundly immunosuppressive “cold” tumor microenvironment, contributing to broad therapeutic resistance and suboptimal responses to immunotherapy. Conven…
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 inhibitors have become pivotal agents in cancer immunotherapy, demonstrating significant efficacy across multiple malignancies. However, beyond regulating T cell activation, the PD-1/PD-L1 axis also exerts…
Malignant melanoma brain metastases (MBM) represent one of the deadliest complications of melanoma, with an incidence rate of 7.3%. Among patients with acral and mucosal melanoma, the cumulative 5-year incidence can reach 19.5%, accompanied by poor pro…
