Low-dose multi-walled carbon nanotubes are non-inflammatory alone but amplify lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine responses in A549 lung epithelial spheroids
BackgroundAirborne pollutants comprise biological agents such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and engineered nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are increasingly prevalent in industrial and consumer applications. Although the pulmonary …