Targeting subchondral osteoporosis in osteoarthritis: biomechanical crosstalk and the therapeutic rationale for inflammatory microenvironment remodeling
Current osteoarthritis (OA) management remains largely symptom-directed, while the contribution of osteoporosis (OP)-related and OA-associated subchondral remodeling to disease heterogeneity remains uncertain. This review integrates macroscopic load re…