APASL-ACLF without previous decompensation is immunologically distinct from EASL-CLIF-ACLF with previous decompensation

Background and aimsDefinitions of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) differ, with a focus on extrahepatic organ failures on the basis of previously compensated or decompensated cirrhosis in EASL-CLIF-ACLF versus hepatic failure in patients without p…

Extracellular vesicles of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure induce mitochondrial dysfunction in T cells

Background and AimsLiver cirrhosis and in particular acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) are characterized by systemic inflammation and dysfunctional immune responses. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of cell stress and inflammati…

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