Exosomes orchestrate immune homeostasis in acute ischemia-reperfusion flap injury and chronic wounds: the TLR4/NF-κB-STAT3 R-ratio balance decision model, engineering optimization and translational clinical strategy
Flap ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and chronic refractory wounds are intractable clinical challenges in the field of wound repair. Both pathological conditions share a core pathological hallmark: disrupted homeostasis of the local wound inflammator…