Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell–derived exosomes are associated with changes in renal injury markers, gut microbiota composition, and inflammatory signaling in IgA nephropathy
BackgroundIgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide and a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease, yet disease-specific therapeutic options remain limited. Emerging evidence implicates gut microbiota dysbiosis and…