BackgroundPeople living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may develop Graves’ disease as a delayed autoimmune manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome following antiretroviral therapy. Thyroid eye disease (TED) is uncommon in …
Anti–metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) encephalitis is a rare form of autoimmune encephalitis that typically presents with cerebellar dysfunction. Predominant brainstem involvement has seldom been reported. We report an 87-year-old man who pre…
Generalized eruptive histiocytosis (GEH) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by multiple symmetrical papular eruptions. We describe an atypical presentation of GEH in a 60-year-old man with scattered S-100 immunopositivity and ser…
IntroductionThe treatment of immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome has largely focused on immunosuppression with little impact on the atopic manifestations of the disease. Dupilumab therapy has been used succes…
BackgroundRecurrent idiopathic recurrent pericarditis (RP) is increasingly recognized as an organ-specific autoinflammatory syndrome driven by the interleukin-1 (IL-1) axis. Behçet’s Disease (BD), a systemic vasculitis, exhibits significant pathogeneti…
BackgroundClassic juvenile pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) (Griffiths type III) is a rare inflammatory papulosquamous dermatosis that is often refractory to conventional topical and systemic treatments. Despite the growing use of tumor necrosis factor-α…
Traditionally associated with Th17-mediated pathways, palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a persistent inflammatory dermatosis limited to the palms and soles. However, therapeutic responses to IL-17/IL-23 suppression are often limited, indicating signific…
Recurrent chylothorax induced by thoracic duct injury in patients complicated with mixed hyperlipidemia secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is rarely encountered in clinical practice. A 55-year-old female patient diagnosed with SLE, whose p…
Sequential or concurrent thoracic radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) increase the risk of severe overlapping pulmonary toxicity. Progressive pneumonitis after thoracic radiotherapy and ICI exposure remains a clinically challenging con…
BackgroundVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) often presents with an atypical and fulminant course in immunocompromised hosts, and treatment faces multiple challenges including drug toxicity, immunosuppressive status, and complications.Case presentationHere we…
