Concepts of autoimmune disease have traditionally emphasized genetic susceptibility, antigen-specific immune activation, and inflammation as linear drivers of tissue injury and clinical symptoms. While this framework has been highly successful in expla…
BackgroundChronic inflammation represents a central mechanism underlying the persistence of immune-mediated diseases. Unlike acute inflammation, which resolves through coordinated regulatory checkpoints and active resolution programs, chronic inflammat…
BackgroundType 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) arises from a fundamental breakdown of central immune tolerance within the thymus. Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) express the Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) protein, which drives the promiscuous transcr…
It has been known for decades that pigs, as well as some other mammals, possess a peculiar lymph node architecture commonly referred to as “inverted”. Although some direct consequences of this structure have been described, such as the altered circulat…
Therapeutic cancer vaccines can generate measurable antigen-specific immune responses in humans, yet tumor regression is often incomplete, inconsistent, or short-lived. In immunologically cold tumors, this pattern may reflect not an absolute inability …
KRas, NRas and HRas mutations are recognized in over 25% of all tumors, with the predominant mutations occurring at amino acids G12 or G13. While small molecule inhibitors of KRas show therapeutic promise, KRas has largely resisted control by immunothe…
BackgroundSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by a complex and heterogeneous interplay between vascular dysfunction, immune activation, and progressive fibrosis. Despite advances in molecular characterization, therapeutic responses remain inconsi…
Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders, affecting over 70 million individuals worldwide. However, despite the introduction of more than 30 anti-seizure medications over three decades, approximately 30% of patients continue to suff…
Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions frequently manifest as multi-organ dysfunction without a single explanatory lens that integrates metabolic stress, innate immune activation, transcriptional control, and autonomic regulation. Here, we prop…
With ageing populations, the prevalence of different types of dementias is increasing. The pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, has been linked to the presence of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the central ne…
