Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a kind of chronic inflammatory bowel disease, is driven by dysregulated immune responses involving neutrophils (NEUs) and macrophages. NEUs exacerbate mucosal injury through reactive oxygen species (ROS), neutrophil extracell…
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a formidable malignancy with persistently poor clinical outcomes. Recent research has underscored the pivotal role of the innate immune system, particularly tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), a key componen…
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that plays a critical role in stabilizing and regulating numerous client proteins involved in inflammation, immune activation, and skin barrier homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that Hsp90 co…
Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is a non-atherosclerotic, inflammatory vasculopathy characterized by thrombotic occlusion of small- and medium-sized vessels, leading to tissue ischemia and gangrene. Emerging evidence underscores endothelial cell (EC) …
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are central to tumor progression, immune suppression, and resistance to therapy, making them promising targets in cancer immunotherapy. TAMs exhibit functional heterogeneity, polarizing into pro-tumor (M2-like) and a…
Melanoma frequently develops bone metastases, leading to skeletal-related events and poor survival. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in melanoma progression, bone metastasis, and immunotherapy resistance. Key immunosuppressive cell…
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical drivers of the immunosuppressive TME. The dynamic interactions between CAFs and immune cells play a crucial role in tumor progression and immu…
Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a devastating neurological condition with limited therapeutic options and a high likelihood of permanent disability. Among the multifaceted secondary injury mechanisms triggered by TSCI, pyroptosis—an inflammatory…
T cells are integral to the immune response, with distinct subsets exhibiting specialized functions, a phenomenon well-characterized in helper CD4+ T cells. Recent advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) have facilitated the identificati…
Immune cell metabolism is essential for regulating immune responses, including activation, differentiation, and function. Through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), metabolism supplies energy and key intermediates for cell growth and pr…
