Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, particularly in low-resource settings, despite advances in treatment modalities. The tumor immune microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in cervical cancer pathogenesis,…
Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which melanocyte−specific CD8+ T cells destroy pigment−forming cells, producing persistent depigmented macules. Recurrence after treatment implicates tissue−resident memory T (TRM) cells that are maintained …
Melatonin, once relegated to the circadian periphery, has resurfaced as a pleiotropic immunomodulator capable of quelling neurogenic inflammation while invigorating antitumour defence. Migraine—and its disabling, episodic neurovascular pain—shares an “…
Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors present a major clinical challenge due to complex immune evasion mechanisms and generally poor responses to immunotherapy. Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is a critical determinant of immunotherapy resistance. Immunosu…
Lung cancer, predominantly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), remains a principal driver of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advancements in surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted treatments, outcomes remain poor in…
Glioblastoma (GBM) possesses a profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) dominated by innate immune mechanisms. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), microglia, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) constitute the major immunosupp…
Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), also known as thyroid eye disease (TED), is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease and a leading cause of visual morbidity. The disease primarily affects the orbital tissue and is characterized by i…
Music therapy, an intersection of art and science, is gaining recognition as a complementary approach in cancer care. This review systematically explores its mechanisms, applications, and effectiveness, with a focus on its impact on the tumor microenvi…
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks among the most prevalent forms of cancer and contributes significantly to cancer-related mortality. There exists a pressing need to investigate novel approaches for GC management to improve diagnostic methods, therapeutic inte…
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that play crucial roles in driving tumor recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to therapies, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Growing evidence suggests that interactions between CSCs…
