Background
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent malignancy with limited treatment options for advanced stages. Oncolytic virotherapy represents a promising immunotherapeutic approach, but its efficacy and underlying mechanisms in PCa, particularly con…
Background
Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) ablation has demonstrated limited and transient efficacy in suppressing tumor progression. Oncolytic peptide LTX-315 is known to elicit a strong antitumor immune response and durable immune memory. T…
Introduction
An adaptive immune response to cancer requires three main signals: antigen presentation and recognition (“signal 1”), costimulation (“signal 2”), and secreted immunostimulatory cytokines (“signal 3”). Expression of these signals in tumors…
Background
Cysteine–cysteine chemokine receptors 2 (CCR2) and 5 (CCR5) contribute to immune suppression in tumor microenvironments. CCR2 and CCR5 antagonists have demonstrated antitumor activity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and col…
Background
Oncolytic viruses are tumor-specific immunotherapeutic agents that exploit inherent features of the tumor microenvironment to replicate, spread, and kill cancer cells. The exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC) is a cell signaling protei…
Background
Glioblastoma is an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis and limited treatment options due to its resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, high heterogeneity, and ability to evade the immune system. Nevertheless, immunotherapy and oncoly…
Background
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) therapy is a live virus-based immunotherapy that lyses tumor cells which release antigens and activate antitumor immunity. oHSV therapy has been shown to increase ATP production and release of extracell…
Background
Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is an oncolytic herpes simplex virus therapy approved for treatment of unresectable and metastatic melanoma. However, real-world use often occurs in heavily pretreated patients, where evidence of effectivene…
Background
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer in Asian, Caucasian, and Hispanic populations and its aggressive form contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. Chronic ultraviolet B (UVB) exp…
Background
Despite remarkable advances in cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies, many patients fail to achieve durable responses due to factors such as immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, poor …
