Treatment with oncolytic vaccinia virus infects tumor-infiltrating regulatory and exhausted T cells

Background
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are an attractive way to increase immune infiltration into an otherwise cold tumor. While OVs are engineered to selectively infect tumor cells, there is evidence that they can infect other non-malignant cells in the …

Combination of oncolytic Maraba virus with immune checkpoint blockade overcomes therapy resistance in an immunologically cold model of advanced melanoma with dysfunctional T-cell receptor signalling

Background
Over the past decade, cancer immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of melanoma; however, responses vary across patient populations. Recently, baseline tumor size has been identified as an independent prognostic factor for overal…

TG6050, an oncolytic vaccinia virus encoding interleukin-12 and anti-CTLA-4 antibody, favors tumor regression via profound immune remodeling of the tumor microenvironment

Background
TG6050 was designed as an improved oncolytic vector, combining the intrinsic properties of vaccinia virus to selectively replicate in tumors with the tumor-restricted expression of recombinant immune effectors to modify the tumor immune phe…

Targeting NKG2D ligands in glioblastoma with a bispecific T-cell engager is augmented with conventional therapy and enhances oncolytic virotherapy of glioma stem-like cells

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) almost invariably becomes resistant towards conventional treatment of radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, partly due to subpopulations of intrinsically resistant glioma stem-like cells (GSC). The oncolytic h…

Preliminary efficacy and safety of YSCH-01 in patients with advanced solid tumors: an investigator-initiated trial

Objective
To evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of YSCH-01 (Recombinant L-IFN adenovirus) in subjects with advanced solid tumors.

Methods
In this single-center, open-label, investigator-initiated trial of YSCH-01, 14 patients with advanced …

Tigilanol tiglate is an oncolytic small molecule that induces immunogenic cell death and enhances the response of both target and non-injected tumors to immune checkpoint blockade

Background
Tigilanol tiglate (TT) is a protein kinase C (PKC)/C1 domain activator currently being developed as an intralesional agent for the treatment of various (sub)cutaneous malignancies. Previous work has shown that intratumoral (I.T.) injection …

Oncolytic herpes simplex virus expressing IL-2 controls glioblastoma growth and improves survival

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly immunosuppressive and often fatal primary brain tumor, lacks effective treatment options. GBMs contain a subpopulation of GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) that play a central role in tumor initiation, progression, and…

Oncolytic varicella-zoster virus engineered with ORF8 deletion and armed with drug-controllable interleukin-12

Background
The varicella-zoster virus (VZV), belonging to the group of human α-herpesviruses, has yet to be developed as a platform for oncolytic virotherapy, despite indications from clinical case reports suggesting a potential association betw…

Novel peptide-based oncolytic vaccine for enhancement of adaptive antitumor immune response via co-engagement of innate Fc{gamma} and Fc{alpha} receptors

Background
Cancer immunotherapy relies on using the immune system to recognize and eradicate cancer cells. Adaptive immunity, which consists of mainly antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells, plays a pivotal role in controlling cancer progression. However,…

An oncolytic vaccinia virus encoding hyaluronidase reshapes the extracellular matrix to enhance cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy

Background
The redundant extracellular matrix (ECM) within tumor microenvironment (TME) such as hyaluronic acid (HA) often impairs intratumoral dissemination of antitumor drugs. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are being studied extensively for cancer therapy …

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