This review examines inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) affecting γδ T cells, focusing on conditions that lead to their altered balance with αβ T cells. It highlights key molecular players and species differences in human and mouse models, offering insights into γδ T cell development and function with potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications. ABSTRACT Gamma … Read more
Utilising a remote force application platform, MICA, we identify that force application to the TCR-CD3 complex using anti-CD3ε functionalised magnetic nanoparticles is capable of inducing TCR signalling and CD4+ T-cell activation. Force application promotes cell surface TCR clustering, triggering T-cell activation through NFAT-pathway signal accumulation. ABSTRACT Mechano-modulation of cell surface proteins to influence cell activation … Read more
CD8+ T cells isolated from male donors exhibit greater IL-15–driven bystander activation, NKG2D expression, and cytotoxicity than female CD8+ cells. This study reveals a sex-based difference in innate-like T cell function that may contribute to worse viral disease outcomes in males. ABSTRACT The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a significant sex bias in disease outcome, … Read more
Frequencies of circulating T peripheral helper (cTph) and activated T follicular helper (cTfh) cells increase close to the diagnosis of clinical type 1 diabetes, but not at the onset of autoimmunity. Single-cell analysis reveals cTph as a heterogeneous cell population, sharing features both with cTfh and other memory T cells. ABSTRACT Circulating follicular (cTfh) and … Read more
Cytotoxicity-associated genes exhibit heterogeneity at the cellular and tissue levels (left). NKG7 gene expression is strongly associated with a cytotoxic gene signature (middle). NKG7 expression is stable and consistently detected in cells across immunologically relevant tissues and within tumor-infiltrating immune cells (right). Figure generated in collaboration with Susan Stone (https://www.sue-stone.com). ABSTRACT Cytotoxicity is a cornerstone … Read more
This review explores how single-cell sequencing and multiomics reveal cell states and communication networks involved in autoimmunity. We highlight insights into antigen specificity and autoreactive lymphocytes, uncovering mechanisms like molecular mimicry. We discuss genetic susceptibility loci in healthy and disease tissues and the challenges and opportunities in integrating different approaches to better understand autoimmune disease. … Read more
• CD4+ and CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRMs) cells which are CD103+PD-1+CD25+ICOS+ and, CD4+CD103−PD-1+CXCR5+CCR5+/− T follicular helper/T peripheral helper (Tfh/Tph) cells infiltrate lesional relative to nonlesional skin in atopic dermatitis (AD). • Frequencies of CD4+CD103+PD-1+TRMs, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs), and inflammatory monocytes positively correlate with disease severity (EASI) within AD lesions. ABSTRACT Atopic dermatitis (AD) … Read more
IL-4, IL-15, and type I IFN coordinately shape the heterogeneity of CD44hi CD49d– VM CD8 T cells. IL-4 acts specifically on Ly6C+ Sca-1− cells, while IL-15 promotes the development of both Ly6C+ Sca-1− and Ly6C− Sca-1− VM subsets. Type I IFN signaling primarily regulates Sca-1+ populations. Functionally, Ly6C+ and/or Sca-1+ subsets exhibit enhanced IFN-γ and … Read more
This review explores the structure and function of meningeal immunity throughout development. It highlights key differences in immune cell composition, lymphatic development, and neuroimmune interactions between neonates and adults, offering insights into neonatal vulnerability to CNS infections and potential avenues for future research. ABSTRACT The central nervous system (CNS) is responsible for controlling the entire … Read more
CD8+ T cells exhibit dual roles at the maternal-fetal interface supporting tolerance via IL-10 and TGF-β and aiding implantation and vascular remodeling through TNF-α and IFN-γ. In HIV infection, CD8+ T cells expand, driving inflammation, PD-L1 upregulation on trophoblasts, and cytotoxic dysfunction via reduced Granzyme B and Perforin, compromising placental immunity. ABSTRACT The global HIV … Read more
