European Journal of Immunology

We show that sodium butyrate suppresses Tfh-cell differentiation, via HDAC inhibition, leading to inefficient germinal center responses and impaired antibody generation. This suboptimal humoral immunity fails to confer protection against virus infection, underscoring sodium butyrate’s potential impact on shaping GC-derived protective immunity. ABSTRACT The gut microbiome and its metabolites are critical regulators of intestinal homeostasis, … Read more

This review discusses the principles underlying the interplay of epigenetics, metabolism, and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression mediated by RNA-binding proteins, both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. Particularly, it focuses on the relevance that these circuits have in lymphocytes and autoimmunity. ABSTRACT Changes in transcript abundance and isoforms, mediated by epigenetic and post-transcriptional … Read more

Th17 cells confer protection against Candida albicans infection. In patients with STAT1 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), Candida-specific Th cell responses are numerically preserved but skewed toward Th1 and Th2. In a mouse model of mucosal vaginal infection, Th1 and Th2 cells fail to control fungal growth, and Th2 cells can even … Read more

Mice with inactivated PI3Kδ develop colitis, reminiscent of immune-related adverse effects observed in human patients treated with PI3Kδ inhibitors. We demonstrate that loss of PI3Kδ activity abrogates the Helios− peripherally induced Treg (pTreg) population in the mouse colon, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage that Helios+ thymic Tregs fail to control. ABSTRACT Peripherally derived regulatory T … Read more

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgA drives inflammation in human macrophages through FcαRI-Syk signaling. IgA2 immune complexes amplify cytokine production and alter glycolysis and mitochondrial function more potently than IgA1, indicating subclass-specific immunometabolic reprogramming. These findings identify IgA2 as a pathogenic factor in severe COVID-19 and highlight pathways with potential therapeutic relevance. ABSTRACT Severe COVID-19 is an immunological … Read more

Immune regulation is fundamentally spatial, shaped by tissue architecture and local cues. Spatial omics—transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, and phosphoproteomic platforms—preserve coordinates while capturing high-dimensional data, revealing region-specific programs and niches. This review surveys key methods and applications in the intestine, lymphoid organs, and liver. ABSTRACT The immune system is deeply shaped by its anatomical context, … Read more

Purine Metabolism and Treg Stability. Nuermous enzymes (colored boxes) facilitate the conversion of ATP into AMP, ADO, IMP, inosine, and hypoxanthine. Purine metabolites can be recycled through the purine salvage pathway or undergo degradation to form uric acid, or be transported to the extracellualr environment. The pertubation of purine pathways can lead to significant changes … Read more

Using imaging mass cytometry (IMC), we spatially profiled Peyer’s patches and lymphoid follicles in IBD. In colonic Crohn’s disease, follicles showed enriched activated CD8⁺ T cells and B–T neighbourhoods—most pronounced in small B-cell patches—whereas ileitis resembled healthy tissue. Spatial features outperformed simple cell-frequency readouts. ABSTRACT Lymphoid follicles in the human gut are critical immune hubs, … Read more

Analysis of BALF and blood of asthmatic horses revealed local and systemic immunological variations related to NET formation and cholesterol homeostasis. Higher NET formation, lower cellular cholesterol and dysregulated NET regulators (e.g., eCATH, DNase, ANCAs) were associated with clinical disease severity. These results provide novel mechanistic insights into EA pathogenesis. ABSTRACT Equine asthma (EA) is … Read more

Recent clinical trials highlight the potential of antigen-specific tolerance therapies in autoimmune disease. Building on this, next-generation preclinical studies explore innovative delivery systems, engineered immune cells, and biomaterials to enhance precision and durability, paving the way for future patient-tailored treatments. Created in BioRender. Faas, P. (2025) https://BioRender.com/7w78327. ABSTRACT Autoimmune diseases arise from a breakdown in … Read more