European Journal of Immunology

Remote Force Modulation of the T‐Cell Receptor Reveals an NFAT‐Threshold for CD4+ T‐Cell Activation. [[{“value”:”Joseph Clarke, Jeremy Pike, David Bending, Dylan Owen, David C. Wraith, Alicia J. El Haj”}]]

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Utilising a remote force application platform, MICA, we identify that force application to the TCR-CD3 complex using anti-CD3ε functionalised magnetic nanoparticles is capable of inducing TCR signalling and CD4+ T-cell activation. Force application promotes cell surface TCR clustering, triggering T-cell activation through NFAT-pathway signal accumulation. ABSTRACT Mechano-modulation of cell surface proteins to influence cell activation … Read more

Biological Sex Influences Human Bystander CD8+ T Cell Activation. [[{“value”:”Elizabeth Balint, Marie Joe Adaimy, Amelia Montemarano, Ana L. Portillo, Ali A. Ashkar”}]]

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CD8+ T cells isolated from male donors exhibit greater IL-15–driven bystander activation, NKG2D expression, and cytotoxicity than female CD8+ cells. This study reveals a sex-based difference in innate-like T cell function that may contribute to worse viral disease outcomes in males. ABSTRACT The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a significant sex bias in disease outcome, … Read more

The Frequency but not the Phenotype of Circulating Peripheral T Helper Cells is Increased at Later Stages of Progression to Type 1 Diabetes. [[{“value”:”Anna‐Mari Schroderus, Andrea Hanel, Céline Vandamme, Viola Pitkänen, Marja Rytkönen‐Nissinen, Merja Heinäniemi, Mikael Knip, Riitta Veijola, Jorma Toppari, Jorma Ilonen, Johanna Lempainen, Tuure Kinnunen”}]]

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Frequencies of circulating T peripheral helper (cTph) and activated T follicular helper (cTfh) cells increase close to the diagnosis of clinical type 1 diabetes, but not at the onset of autoimmunity. Single-cell analysis reveals cTph as a heterogeneous cell population, sharing features both with cTfh and other memory T cells. ABSTRACT Circulating follicular (cTfh) and … Read more

NKG7 is a Stable Marker of Cytotoxicity Across Immune Contexts and Within the Tumor Microenvironment. [[{“value”:”Roberta Turiello, Susanna S. Ng, Elisabeth Tan, Gemma van der Voort, Nazhifah Salim, Michelle C. R. Yong, Malika Khassenova, Johannes Oldenburg, Heiko Rühl, Jan Hasenauer, Laura Surace, Marieta Toma, Tobias Bald, Michael Hölzel, Dillon Corvino”}]]

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Cytotoxicity-associated genes exhibit heterogeneity at the cellular and tissue levels (left). NKG7 gene expression is strongly associated with a cytotoxic gene signature (middle). NKG7 expression is stable and consistently detected in cells across immunologically relevant tissues and within tumor-infiltrating immune cells (right). Figure generated in collaboration with Susan Stone (https://www.sue-stone.com). ABSTRACT Cytotoxicity is a cornerstone … Read more

Narrowing Down Key Players in Autoimmunity via Single‐Cell Multiomics. [[{“value”:”Altea Gjurgjaj, Cecilia Domínguez Conde”}]]

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This review explores how single-cell sequencing and multiomics reveal cell states and communication networks involved in autoimmunity. We highlight insights into antigen specificity and autoreactive lymphocytes, uncovering mechanisms like molecular mimicry. We discuss genetic susceptibility loci in healthy and disease tissues and the challenges and opportunities in integrating different approaches to better understand autoimmune disease. … Read more

Tissue‐Resident Memory and Follicular/Peripheral Helper PD‐1+ T Cells Infiltrate Lesional Skin in Atopic Dermatitis. [[{“value”:”Heena Mehta, Léane Pellerin, Manuel Rubio, Catherine Maari, Étienne S. Proulx, Sharan Nischal, Vaishali R. Moulton, Monica W. L. Leung, Robert Bissonnette, Marika Sarfati”}]]

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• CD4+ and CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRMs) cells which are CD103+PD-1+CD25+ICOS+ and, CD4+CD103−PD-1+CXCR5+CCR5+/− T follicular helper/T peripheral helper (Tfh/Tph) cells infiltrate lesional relative to nonlesional skin in atopic dermatitis (AD). • Frequencies of CD4+CD103+PD-1+TRMs, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs), and inflammatory monocytes positively correlate with disease severity (EASI) within AD lesions. ABSTRACT Atopic dermatitis (AD) … Read more

IL‐4, IL‐15, and Type I Interferon Orchestrate the Shaping of the Heterogeneity of Virtual Memory CD8 T Cells. [[{“value”:”Hi Jung Park, Sung Min Choi, Eun A. Choi, Hyun Ji Boo, Jae Il Lee, Kyeong Cheon Jung”}]]

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IL-4, IL-15, and type I IFN coordinately shape the heterogeneity of CD44hi CD49d– VM CD8 T cells. IL-4 acts specifically on Ly6C+ Sca-1− cells, while IL-15 promotes the development of both Ly6C+ Sca-1− and Ly6C− Sca-1− VM subsets. Type I IFN signaling primarily regulates Sca-1+ populations. Functionally, Ly6C+ and/or Sca-1+ subsets exhibit enhanced IFN-γ and … Read more

Meningeal Immunity: Anatomy, Function, and Neonatal Unique Features. [[{“value”:”Inês Lorga, Elva Bonifácio Andrade”}]]

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This review explores the structure and function of meningeal immunity throughout development. It highlights key differences in immune cell composition, lymphatic development, and neuroimmune interactions between neonates and adults, offering insights into neonatal vulnerability to CNS infections and potential avenues for future research. ABSTRACT The central nervous system (CNS) is responsible for controlling the entire … Read more

The Complex Role of CD8+ T Cells in Placental HIV Infection. [[{“value”:”Kimberly Peta, Mushi Matjila, Nadia Ikumi”}]]

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CD8+ T cells exhibit dual roles at the maternal-fetal interface supporting tolerance via IL-10 and TGF-β and aiding implantation and vascular remodeling through TNF-α and IFN-γ. In HIV infection, CD8+ T cells expand, driving inflammation, PD-L1 upregulation on trophoblasts, and cytotoxic dysfunction via reduced Granzyme B and Perforin, compromising placental immunity. ABSTRACT The global HIV … Read more

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 9 in Human Leukocytes: Novel Inhibitors Induce Caspase‐1‐ and Gasdermin‐Dependent Cell Death. [[{“value”:”Joni De Loose, Kathleen Mertens, Nicolò Filippi, Sam Corthaut, Siham Benramdane, Yani Sim, Yentl Van Rymenant, Karen Claesen, Gwendolyn Vliegen, Maya Berg, Tiphanie Gomard, Guy Caljon, Isabel Pintelon, Pieter Van Der Veken, Ingrid De Meester”}]]

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Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) inhibition with novel compounds induces lytic cell death in human leukocytes. We report that this cell death occurs via DPP9, inflammasome-activated caspase-1, GSDMD, and GSDME. Additionally, DPP8/9 activity is upregulated in monocyte-to-dendritic cell differentiation and DPP9 localizes both to the cytoplasm and the nucleus in leukocytes. ABSTRACT Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) … Read more

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